Q. What is the importance of using Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in India?

Explanation:

1. These vaccines are effective against pneumonia as well as meningitis and sepsis.

This statement is true. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (PCVs) are designed to protect against pneumococcal diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, which include pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. These diseases can be severe and sometimes fatal, especially in young children, the elderly, and individuals with certain health conditions that compromise their immune systems.

2. Dependence on antibiotics that are not effective against drug-resistant bacteria can be reduced.

This statement is also true. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics have contributed to the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. By preventing pneumococcal diseases, PCVs reduce the need for antibiotics, thereby helping to slow down the development of antibiotic resistance.

3. These vaccines have no side effects and cause no allergic reactions.

This statement is not accurate. While PCVs are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can cause side effects and allergic reactions in some individuals, like any other vaccine. Common side effects include pain at the injection site, fever, irritability, and loss of appetite. Severe allergic reactions are rare but can occur.

Therefore, the statements 1 and 2 highlight the importance of using Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in India, making option (b) the correct answer.