Q: How do you understand the relationship between patriarchy and social development ?

Model Answer:

Interplay of Patriarchy and Social Development

The relationship between patriarchy and social development is complex and often contradictory. Sylvia Walby’s theory conceptualizes patriarchy as a system of social structures enabling male dominance, which has historically shaped societal structures and development paths. However, its impact on social development is largely considered detrimental:

1. Economic Development: While patriarchy has driven economic growth in some contexts, it often limits women’s economic participation. Feminist economist Bina Agarwal argues that patriarchal norms restrict women’s access to resources, hindering overall economic development.

2. Education: Patriarchal societies frequently prioritize male education, leading to gender disparities in literacy and skills.

3. Health: Gender-based discrimination in healthcare access and nutrition negatively impacts population health, a key indicator of social development.

4. Political Participation: Patriarchy limits women’s involvement in decision-making processes, reducing the diversity of perspectives in governance and policy-making.

5. Social Equality: The persistence of patriarchy perpetuates gender inequalities, hindering progress towards social justice and inclusive development.

Raewyn Connell’s concept of “hegemonic masculinity” further illuminates how patriarchal norms can impede social development by reinforcing gender hierarchies and limiting the full participation of all members of society.

In conclusion, while patriarchy has shaped social development historically, its continuation poses significant obstacles to inclusive and holistic societal progress.