Explanation:

The Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) is published by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) twice a year to assess global financial markets, vulnerabilities, and systemic risks.

The World Economic Forum does not publish this report; it is known for reports like the Global Risks Report and the Global Competitiveness Report.

The World Bank also does not publish the GFSR; it releases the World Development Report and Global Economic Prospects. Therefore, only statement 1 is correct, making Option 4 the right answer.

Explanation:

The Global Wage Report is a flagship biennial publication of the International Labour Organization (ILO). The 2024–25 edition, like previous ones, is released by the ILO. The World Bank (and its lending arm, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development—IBRD) does not publish the Global Wage Report; their flagship publications include the World Development Report and Global Economic Prospects. Hence:
– Statement 1 is correct.
– Statements 2 and 3 are incorrect.
Therefore, the correct option is 4 (Only 1).

Explanation:

Sites not in Uttar Pradesh:
– Rudrasagar Lake (Tripura): Ramsar site near Neermahal, Sipahijala district; not in UP.
– Sultanpur National Park (Haryana): Ramsar site in Gurugram district; not in UP.

Sites in Uttar Pradesh:
– Sarsai Nawar Jheel: Ramsar site in Etawah, Uttar Pradesh.
– Samaspur Bird Sanctuary: Ramsar site in Rae Bareli, Uttar Pradesh.

Hence, the correct pair of sites NOT in UP is 3 and 4.

Explanation:

Correct matching:
– A (Babur) → 4 (Kabul): Babur is buried at Bagh-e Babur in Kabul.
– B (Humayun) → 3 (Delhi): Humayun’s Tomb is in Nizamuddin, Delhi.
– C (Jahangir) → 2 (Lahore): Jahangir’s mausoleum is at Shahdara Bagh, Lahore.
– D (Shah Jahan) → 1 (Agra): Shah Jahan is interred in the Taj Mahal, Agra, beside Mumtaz Mahal.
Thus, A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 → Option 1.

Explanation:

The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 inserted the words ‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’ into the Preamble, changing ‘Sovereign Democratic Republic’ to ‘Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic.’ It also added ‘and integrity’ to the phrase ‘unity of the Nation.’ ‘Sovereign’ and ‘Republic’ were already part of the original Preamble (1950) and were not inserted by the 42nd Amendment.
– Option 1 (1 and 3): Incorrect; ‘Sovereign’ was original, not inserted.
– Option 2 (3 and 4): Incorrect; both ‘Sovereign’ and ‘Republic’ were original.
– Option 3 (2 and 3): Incorrect; includes ‘Sovereign,’ which was original.
– Option 4 (1 and 2): Correct; ‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’ were added by the 42nd Amendment.

Explanation:

Evaluate each pair:
1. Lipulekh – Ladakh: Incorrect. Lipulekh Pass is in Uttarakhand (Pithoragarh district) at the India–Nepal–Tibet tri-junction, not in Ladakh.
2. Nathu La – Sikkim: Correct. Nathu La is on the India–Tibet border in East Sikkim.
3. Bomdila – Arunachal Pradesh: Correct. Bomdi La (Bomdila) Pass lies in West Kameng district, Arunachal Pradesh, on the route to Tawang.
4. Shipki La – Himachal Pradesh: Correct. Shipki La is in Kinnaur district, Himachal Pradesh, on the India–Tibet border.

Hence, only pair 1 is NOT correctly matched.

Explanation:

Assertion (A) is true: India follows a Parliamentary (Westminster) system, with the President as nominal head and the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister exercising real executive power.
Reason (R) is true: A defining feature of the parliamentary system is that the executive is responsible to the legislature—specifically, the Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha (Article 75(3) of the Constitution).
R correctly explains A: The executive’s accountability to the legislature is precisely what characterizes a parliamentary form of government; hence, R explains why India is said to have a parliamentary system.

Explanation:

Only pepsin is released in the stomach for protein digestion. Chief cells of the gastric glands secrete pepsinogen, which is activated to pepsin by gastric HCl; pepsin works optimally in the acidic pH of the stomach. Trypsin and chymotrypsin are pancreatic proteases; they are secreted into the duodenum as trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen and activated (by enteropeptidase and trypsin) in an alkaline environment. Hence they are not released in the stomach.
– Option 1 (Only 1 and 2): Incorrect—both chymotrypsin and trypsin are pancreatic, not gastric.
– Option 2 (Only 3): Correct—pepsin is the gastric protease.
– Option 3 (Only 2 and 3): Incorrect—includes trypsin, which is not released in the stomach.
– Option 4 (1, 2 and 3): Incorrect—adds pancreatic enzymes not secreted by the stomach.

Explanation:

Correct matching rests on each person’s primary field:
– A (Fiction) → 4 (Percival Everett): Everett is a renowned American novelist, so Fiction aligns with him.
– B (Music) → 3 (Susie Ibarra): Ibarra is an acclaimed composer-percussionist, fitting the Music category.
– C (Biography) → 1 (Jason Roberts): Roberts is known for biographical/narrative nonfiction (e.g., A Sense of the World), matching Biography.
– D (Drama) → 2 (Branden Jacobs-Jenkins): Jacobs-Jenkins is a prominent playwright, so Drama is the correct pairing.

Explanation:

Assertion (A) is true. It reflects the widely accepted Brundtland Commission (1987) definition of sustainable development: meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, and doing so without degrading the environment.
Reason (R) is false. Agenda 21 was adopted at the UN Conference on Environment and Development (Earth Summit) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, not 1995. It is a non-binding action plan endorsed by 178 countries.
Therefore, (A) is true but (R) is false.