Explanation:

Iron Dome is an Israeli mobile air-defense system developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems with Israel Aerospace Industries, operational since 2011 to intercept short-range rockets and artillery shells. Hence, it belongs to Israel.
– France: Incorrect. France does not operate or own the Iron Dome; it relies on systems like SAMP/T (MAMBA).
– United States of America: Incorrect in the context of “belongs to”. While the U.S. has co-funded development and procured a couple of batteries for evaluation, Iron Dome is an Israeli-origin system and primarily belongs to Israel.
Therefore, Only 3 is correct.

Explanation:

Only 3 (Bharat Nirman Programme) is not related to NEP 2020 objectives.

– ULLAS: ‘Understanding Lifelong Learning for All in Society’ (ULLAS) is the rebranded New India Literacy Programme (2022–27) under MoE to implement NEP 2020’s Adult Education & Lifelong Learning mandate (Section 21). It focuses on adult literacy, basic education, critical life skills, vocational skills, and continuing education—squarely aligned with NEP 2020.
– DIKSHA: The Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing platform supports NEP 2020 by providing digital learning content, teacher professional development, and QR-coded textbooks (also integrated under PM eVIDYA). It directly advances NEP’s technology-in-education goals.
– Bharat Nirman Programme: A 2005 rural infrastructure initiative (roads, housing, irrigation, electrification, telecom, drinking water), not an education scheme and not part of NEP 2020 implementation.

Explanation:

Moonj (wild grass) basketry is the designated ODOP for both Amethi and Sultanpur under Uttar Pradesh’s One District One Product program. Sant Kabir Nagar is mapped to a different product in ODOP, not Moonj.

– Amethi: ODOP — Moonj products (coiled grass baskets, trays, etc.)
– Sultanpur: ODOP — Moonj products
– Sant Kabir Nagar: Not associated with Moonj under ODOP

Hence, among the given districts, Moonj is linked to 1 and 2 only.

Explanation:

Chronology with dates:
– 1856: Acquisition/annexation of Awadh (Oudh) by the British under Lord Dalhousie.
– 1859–60: Indigo Revolt in Bengal (the “Blue Mutiny”).
– 1878–80: Second Anglo-Afghan War.
– 1883–84: Ilbert Bill controversy under Lord Ripon (introduced 1883, compromise 1884).
Therefore, the correct order is 1 → 3 → 4 → 2.

Explanation:

Correct option: Only 1 (Central Bureau of Investigation).

– The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) functions as India’s National Central Bureau (NCB) for INTERPOL. As the nodal agency for international police cooperation in India, CBI developed the ‘BHARATPOL’ portal to streamline and digitize requests from Indian law-enforcement agencies for INTERPOL notices/diffusions and other cross-border policing coordination.

Explanation:

Assertion (A) is true: Evaporation of sweat removes latent heat from the skin. The phase change from liquid to vapor requires energy (latent heat of vaporization), which is taken from the body, thereby cooling it and dissipating body heat.

Reason (R) is also true: High humidity reduces the rate of evaporation because the air is already moist, diminishing the vapor pressure gradient. With less evaporation, the body cools less effectively, leading to greater discomfort on hot, humid days.

However, (R) does not correctly explain (A). (R) describes a related consequence (why discomfort increases in humidity) rather than explaining the mechanism of how evaporation dissipates heat. A proper explanation of (A) would mention latent heat removal, not humidity effects.

Explanation:

– Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) came first: piloted in 1982 (Paravur, Kerala), later given statutory backing and rolled out widely (nationwide by 2004).
– Voter Photo Identity Card (EPIC) was launched by the Election Commission in 1993 under T. N. Seshan.
– Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) was introduced/piloted on 4 September 2013 (Noksen bypoll, Nagaland) and later mandated for wider rollout (SC judgment in Oct 2013), reaching nationwide usage by 2019.
– NOTA was introduced pursuant to the Supreme Court judgment (PUCL v. Union of India) on 27 September 2013 and first used in assembly elections later in 2013.

Therefore, the correct chronological order is: 2 (EVM), 1 (Photo ID), 3 (VVPAT), 4 (NOTA).

Explanation:

Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY) is administered by the Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Finance. MUDRA Ltd. (set up under SIDBI) provides refinance to banks/NBFCs/MFIs that lend under PMMY to non-corporate, non-farm micro enterprises.

Explanation:

Appiko is Karnataka’s version of the Chipko movement. It began in 1983 in the Uttara Kannada (Sirsi) region under Panduranga Hegde; ‘Appiko’ in Kannada means ‘to embrace,’ referring to hugging trees to prevent felling. Therefore, it is associated only with Karnataka (state 4).

Explanation:

Mapping:
– A. Mahendravarman I → Pallava (2): Early 7th-century Pallava ruler, known for rock-cut temples (e.g., Mandagapattu), father of Narasimhavarman I.
– B. Kadungon → Pandya (4): Pandya king credited with ending the Kalabhra interregnum and reviving Pandya power.
– C. Amoghavarsha I → Rashtrakuta (1): Eminent Rashtrakuta ruler of Manyakheta, patron of Jainism, author of Kavirajamarga.
– D. Rajaraja I → Chola (3): Great Chola emperor, builder of Brihadisvara Temple, major imperial expansions.

Thus, A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3 → Option 2.