Explanation:

To clear a tunnel, the train must cover its own length plus the tunnel’s length.
– Total distance = 280 m + 220 m = 500 m
– Convert speed: 60 km/h = 60 × (1000/3600) m/s = 16.666… m/s = 50/3 m/s
– Time = Distance / Speed = 500 ÷ (50/3) = 500 × 3 / 50 = 30 seconds
Therefore, the train takes 30 seconds to cross the tunnel.

Explanation:

Communication is inherently context-dependent. The physical setting, social and cultural norms, participants’ roles, and psychological climate shape how messages are encoded, conveyed, and interpreted. Hence, every type of communication is affected by its context. ‘Non-regulation’ is not a standard concept in communication theory; ‘reception’ and ‘transmission’ are stages within the process, not the overarching factor that universally influences all communication.

Explanation:

Observe the differences between consecutive terms: 5−3=2, 8−5=3, 10−8=2, then the pattern continues alternating +2, +3. So from 10, add 3 to get the missing term: 10+3=13.

Check forward: 13+2=15, 15+3=18, 18+2=20, which matches the given series. Hence, the missing number is 13.

Explanation:

Set difference A – C = {x | x ∈ A and x ∉ C}. Let C = A – B = {x | x ∈ A and x ∉ B}.
Consider x ∈ A – (A – B):
– Then x ∈ A and x ∉ (A – B).
– x ∉ (A – B) means not(x ∈ A and x ∉ B) ⇒ x ∉ A or x ∈ B.
– Together with x ∈ A, this forces x ∈ B.
– Hence x ∈ A and x ∈ B ⇒ x ∈ A ∩ B.
Conversely, if x ∈ A ∩ B, then x ∈ A and x ∈ B, so x ∉ (A – B), hence x ∈ A – (A – B).
Therefore, A – (A – B) = A ∩ B.

Explanation:

Interpret the statement step by step:
– “My mother’s father” = the woman’s maternal grandfather.
– “The only daughter of my mother’s father” = his only daughter. Since the speaker’s mother is a daughter of her father, and he has only one daughter, that person must be the woman’s mother.
– Therefore, the person in the photograph is the woman’s mother.
Hence, the woman is the daughter of the person in the photograph. So, the correct option is 4 (Daughter).

Explanation:

Assign positions A=1, …, Z=26 and check successive differences:
– DHG: 4 to 8 (+4), 8 to 7 (-1)
– JNR: 10 to 14 (+4), 14 to 18 (+4)
– CGF: 3 to 7 (+4), 7 to 6 (-1)
– HLK: 8 to 12 (+4), 12 to 11 (-1)
In three options (DHG, CGF, HLK) the pattern is +4 then -1 (increase then decrease). Only JNR keeps increasing with +4 then +4. Hence JNR (Option 2) does NOT belong.

Explanation:

Observe the common property: the sum of digits of each given number is 21.
– 957: 9 + 5 + 7 = 21
– 777: 7 + 7 + 7 = 21
– 876: 8 + 7 + 6 = 21
Among the options:
– 999: 9 + 9 + 9 = 27 (not 21)
– 894: 8 + 9 + 4 = 21 (matches)
– 697: 6 + 9 + 7 = 22 (not 21)
– 979: 9 + 7 + 9 = 25 (not 21)
Hence, 894 (Option 2) shares the same property. (Equivalently, these numbers are divisible by 3 but not by 9, since digit sum 21 ≡ 3 mod 9.)

Explanation:

Evaluate each pair:
– Kohler – Insight Theory: Correct. Wolfgang Köhler, a Gestalt psychologist, demonstrated insight learning in chimpanzees.
– Lewin – Field Theory: Correct. Kurt Lewin proposed Field Theory (life space), summarised as B = f(P, E).
– Skinner – Operant Conditioning: Correct. B.F. Skinner developed operant conditioning based on reinforcement and punishment.
– Pavlov – Stimulus Response Bond Theory: Not correct. Pavlov is known for classical (respondent) conditioning via salivation in dogs. The named S-R Bond (Connectionism) theory is attributed to E.L. Thorndike (puzzle-box experiments, Law of Effect and Law of Exercise).
Therefore, option 4 is the mismatched pair.

Explanation:

Wages are proportional to the work done. A and C together complete 19/23 of the work, so B completes the remaining 1 − 19/23 = 4/23.

Hence, B’s share = (4/23) of Rs. 529 = (529 × 4) / 23 = 92. Therefore, B should be paid Rs. 92.

Explanation:

The sequence is powers of 2, doubling each time: 1 (2^0), 2 (2^1), 4 (2^2), 8 (2^3), 16 (2^4), 32 (2^5), 64 (2^6). The next term should be 128 (2^7), but 96 appears instead. Among the options, 32, 4, and 64 are powers of 2, whereas 96 is not (96 = 2^5 × 3). Hence, 96 is the odd number out.