Q: Explain how the pattern of patriarchy is being altered in a family and at the workplace in the present context.

Model Answer:

Patterns of Patriarchy in Families and Workplaces

Patriarchy, where males hold primary power, has historically influenced family and workplace structures. In the contemporary context, these patterns are being altered due to socio-economic changes, legal reforms, and evolving cultural norms.

Alteration of Patriarchy within the Family

1. Shift in Family Structure and Roles

– Redefinition of Traditional Roles: The conventional model of male breadwinner and female homemaker is changing.
– Rise of Nuclear and Dual-Earner Families: There is an increase in nuclear families and households where both spouses work.
– Egalitarian Division of Labor: Household responsibilities are more equally shared between men and women.
– Parsons’ Functionalist Perspective: Suggests social roles adapt to meet societal needs; economic demands necessitate women’s workforce participation, altering domestic gender dynamics.

2. Legal Reforms and Women’s Rights

– Protection Against Domestic Abuse:
– Domestic Violence Act (2005): Provides legal protection for women against domestic violence.
– Equal Inheritance Rights:
– Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act 2005: Grants daughters equal rights to ancestral property, challenging patriarchal control over assets.

3. Education and Awareness

– Increased Access to Education: More women are receiving education, empowering them to challenge traditional patriarchal roles.
– Liberal Feminist Viewpoint:
– Betty Friedan: Advocated that education is key to women’s liberation.
– Enhanced Decision-Making Role: Educated women are more involved in family decisions, diminishing patriarchal authority.

Alteration of Patriarchy at the Workplace

1. Increased Female Workforce Participation
– Rising Numbers: More women are entering the workforce, challenging the notion of the male as the sole provider.
– Marxist Feminist Perspective:
– Emphasizes that women’s labor participation is essential for dismantling capitalist patriarchy.

2. Policy Measures for Gender Equality
– Implementation of Supportive Policies:
– Equal Pay Legislation: Aims to eliminate the gender pay gap.
– Maternity Benefits: Supports women during and after pregnancy.
– Anti-Sexual Harassment Laws:
– The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013: Protects women from harassment, promoting a safer work environment.

3. Women in Leadership Positions
– Breaking the Glass Ceiling: There is a gradual increase in women occupying top managerial and leadership roles.
– Inspiring Role Models:
– Indra Nooyi, Arundhati Bhattacharya: Their success challenges patriarchal hierarchies and inspires other women.

4. Feminist Movements and Advocacy
– Activism for Change: Feminist groups advocate for equal rights and opportunities in the workplace.
– Radical Feminist Viewpoint:
– Calls for restructuring societal institutions to eliminate patriarchal biases.
– Awareness and Systemic Change: Activism raises awareness of gender biases, leading to policy reforms and cultural shifts.

Conclusion:
Thus, patriarchy in family and workplace is being altered through legal reforms, socio-economic changes, and feminist efforts, promoting greater gender equality.