Q: Is 'ageing an emerging issue in Indian society ? Discuss the major problems of the old age people in India.

Model Answer:

Ageing in Indian Society

Population ageing has emerged as a critical social issue in India, fundamentally transforming family structures and creating new societal challenges. With over 104 million elderly persons (aged 60+) as of 2021, coupled with increasing life expectancy and declining fertility rates, India faces significant challenges in addressing its ageing population’s needs.

Economic insecurity stands as a primary concern, affecting a large proportion of elderly Indians. Only about 20% have access to formal pension systems, leaving many dependent on children or relatives for financial support. Limited savings, inadequate financial planning, and rising medical costs further compound their economic vulnerability, particularly in urban areas where cost of living is high.

Healthcare challenges form another crucial dimension:

– High prevalence of chronic diseases like diabetes, arthritis, and cardiovascular problems
– Expensive medical care coupled with limited insurance coverage
– Inadequate geriatric healthcare facilities and specialists
– Mental health issues, particularly depression and dementia, often remain unaddressed

The transformation of traditional social structures has created significant social and emotional challenges:

– Breakdown of joint family system leading to isolation and loneliness
– Rising instances of elder abuse and neglect within families
– Loss of authority and respect in modern nuclear families
– Limited social interaction and recreational facilities
– Psychological issues stemming from feelings of worthlessness

The gender dimension adds another layer of complexity to elderly care in India:

– Women face greater vulnerability due to longer life expectancy and widowhood
– Higher dependency rates among elderly women
– Limited access to property rights and financial resources
– Greater susceptibility to abuse and abandonment

Infrastructure inadequacies further exacerbate these challenges:

– Lack of elderly-friendly public infrastructure
– Limited availability of quality old-age homes
– Poor transportation facilities
– Inadequate implementation of senior citizen-friendly policies

While the government has introduced various initiatives like the National Policy on Older Persons and Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, implementation remains weak. Various pension schemes and healthcare programs have been launched, but their coverage and effectiveness need significant improvement.

Conclusion: India needs a comprehensive policy approach combining family support, community engagement, and state intervention to ensure dignified ageing.