Q. Democracy needs a vibrant culture of civil society in order to strengthen its foundation of citizenship. Comment.

Model Answer:

Democracy thrives on active citizenship, nurtured by a vibrant civil society. This relationship is crucial for democratic foundations.

Civil society, encompassing voluntary groups, NGOs, and social movements, bridges the gap between state and citizens. It bolsters democratic citizenship through:

1. Promoting civic engagement: Civil society provides avenues for public participation, developing civic responsibility. Tocqueville’s observation of such associations as “schools of democracy” remains relevant today.

2. Enhancing rights awareness: It educates citizens about their rights and duties, enabling effective democratic participation.

3. Fostering pluralism: By voicing diverse interests, civil society ensures inclusive democracy, embodying Dahl’s concept of polyarchy in practice.

4. Ensuring accountability: Acting as a watchdog, civil society promotes governmental transparency. This role aligns with Marshall’s view of citizenship rights, particularly in their civil and political dimensions.

5. Building social capital: It cultivates trust and social networks vital for democracy. This process echoes Durkheim’s insights on social solidarity in modern societies.

However, civil society faces challenges like fragmentation and elite domination, which can hinder democratic processes. Despite these issues, a dynamic civil society remains key to fostering engaged citizenship and reinforcing democracy.