Q. Consider the following statements :
I. India has joined the Minerals Security Partnership as a member.
II. India is a resource-rich country in all the 30 critical minerals that it has identified.
III. The Parliament in 2023 has amended the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 empowering the Central Government to exclusively auction mining lease and composite license for certain critical minerals.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) I and II only
(b) II and III only
(c) I and III only
(d) I, II and III
Correct Answer : (c) I and III only
UPSC Prelims 2025 GS Paper's Solution
Explanation :
Statement I: India has joined the Minerals Security Partnership as a member.
This statement is correct. India officially joined the US-led Minerals Security Partnership (MSP) in June 2023. The MSP is a coalition of countries that aims to secure and diversify global supply chains for critical minerals.
Statement II: India is a resource-rich country in all the 30 critical minerals that it has identified.
This statement is incorrect. Although India has identified 30 critical minerals that are essential for its economic development and national security, it is not resource-rich in all of them. India relies heavily on imports for many of these minerals, such as lithium, cobalt, and rare earth elements. For example, India imports 100% of its germanium requirements.
Statement III: The Parliament in 2023 has amended the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 empowering the Central Government to exclusively auction mining lease and composite license for certain critical minerals.
This statement is correct. The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2023, was passed by the Indian Parliament in 2023. This amendment empowers the Central Government to exclusively auction mining leases and composite licenses for specified critical and strategic minerals, including those previously classified as atomic minerals.
Conclusion: Statements I and III are correct. Statement II is incorrect.