Q. Ladang refers to –

Correct Answer: c) Shifting Agriculture

Explanation:
– “Ladang” is the term used in Malaysia and Indonesia for shifting cultivation (slash-and-burn). Farmers clear a patch of forest, burn the vegetation, cultivate crops for a few years, and then move to a new area to let the soil recover.
– It is different from plantation agriculture (large-scale, single cash crops) and from dry farming (methods suited to low rainfall). While often subsistence in nature, the specific term “Ladang” refers to the shifting method itself.