Q. The process of breaking down organic matter by micro organisms is called

The correct answer is: c) Decomposition

Explanation: Decomposition is the process by which organic matter is broken down into simpler substances by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. These microorganisms feed on dead plants, animals, and other organic material, breaking them down into nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, which are then recycled back into the ecosystem.

– a) Respiration: This refers to the process by which living organisms convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water. It is not related to breaking down dead organic matter.

– b) Photosynthesis: This is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize food (glucose) from carbon dioxide and water. It is unrelated to the breakdown of organic matter.

– d) Fermentation: This is a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen. While it involves microorganisms, it is not the same as decomposition.