Q. Which of the following are the reasons/factors for exposure to benzene pollution?
- Automobile exhaust
- Tobacco smoke
- Wood burning
- Using varnished wooden furniture
- Using products made of polyurethane
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Correct Answer – (a) 1, 2 and 3 only
Question from UPSC Prelims 2020 GS Paper
Explanation:
Exposure to benzene pollution:
1. Automobile Exhaust:
Benzene is a well-known component of gasoline and is emitted in automobile exhaust. Therefore, areas with heavy traffic or enclosed spaces like garages can have higher levels of benzene pollution.
2. Tobacco Smoke:
Tobacco smoke is a significant source of benzene exposure for both smokers and those exposed to secondhand smoke. It is one of the most hazardous sources of indoor air pollution in terms of benzene.
3. Wood Burning:
Burning wood can release benzene, among other volatile organic compounds (VOCs), into the environment. This is especially relevant in homes that use wood as a primary heating source or in areas where open burning is common.
4. Using Varnished Wooden Furniture:
Varnishes and paints can contain benzene and other VOCs, especially if they are solvent-based. However, once these finishes have dried and cured, the amount of benzene they emit is significantly reduced. The risk of exposure from varnished wooden furniture is generally lower compared to direct sources like smoke or exhaust, but it can still contribute to indoor air levels of benzene, especially in newly furnished or renovated spaces.
5. Using Products Made of Polyurethane:
Polyurethane foam, used in furniture, mattresses, and various building materials, can emit VOCs. However, benzene is not typically a significant component of the emissions from polyurethane products. The primary concern with polyurethane often relates to isocyanates used in its production and other VOCs, rather than benzene specifically.
Given the analysis:
- Automobile exhaust, tobacco smoke, and wood burning are direct sources of benzene pollution.
- Using varnished wooden furniture can be a source, albeit less direct and typically with lower exposure levels once the varnish has cured.
- Using products made of polyurethane is less about benzene exposure and more about other VOCs and chemicals.
Therefore, the most accurate answer, considering the directness and significance of benzene exposure, would be:
(a) 1, 2, and 3 only. This is also official UPSC Answer but other websites are saying d)
