Q. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

The correct answer is: (D) Pavlov – Gestalt theory

Explanation:

Let us analyze each pair:

1. Thorndike – Stimulus-response bond theory: This is correctly matched. Edward Thorndike proposed the Stimulus-Response (S-R) bond theory, which is part of his connectionism theory. He emphasized that learning occurs through the formation of associations between stimuli and responses.

2. Skinner – Operant theory conditioning: This is correctly matched. B.F. Skinner is well-known for his work on operant conditioning, which involves learning through rewards and punishments to modify behavior.

3. Kohler – Insight theory: This is correctly matched. Wolfgang Kohler is associated with the insight theory of learning, which suggests that problem-solving occurs through a sudden realization or “aha” moment.

4. Pavlov – Gestalt theory: This is incorrectly matched. Ivan Pavlov is known for classical conditioning, not Gestalt theory. Gestalt theory is associated with psychologists like Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, and Kurt Koffka, who focused on perception and holistic processing.

Thus, the incorrect pair is (D) Pavlov – Gestalt theory.