Q. Which one of the following statements about Sangam literature in ancient South India is correct?
a) Sangam poems are devoid of any reference to material culture.
b) The social classification of Varna was known to Sangam poets.
c) Sangam poems have no reference to warrior ethic.
d) Sangam literature refers to magical forces as irrational.
Correct Answer: b) The social classification of Varna was known to Sangam poets.
Question from UPSC Prelims 2022 GS Paper
Explanation :
Sangam-Era Poets and Social Stratification
During the Sangam era, poets were cognizant of the social stratification known as varna. They referenced Arashar (monarchs), Vaishiyar (merchants), and Velalar (agriculturists). Brahmanas are also mentioned, with some having strong ties to royal courts and enjoying the patronage of the elite. However, the rigid four-tier varna system did not significantly influence ancient Tamil society. Contrary to the prevalent varna system, the ancient Tamil society was not significantly impacted by the rigid four-tier structure. Similarly, the jati system, which is a sub-categorization within the varna, did not play a role in this society. Therefore, the observation that the jati system was non-influential stands true.
