Q. Which one of the following subjects fall within the jurisdiction of both High Court and Supreme Court?

Correct Answer: a) Protection of fundamental rights

Explanation:
– Both the Supreme Court (Article 32) and High Courts (Article 226) can be directly approached to enforce Fundamental Rights by issuing writs. Hence, protection of fundamental rights falls within the jurisdiction of both.
– Disputes among States or between the Centre and a State fall under the Supreme Court’s exclusive original jurisdiction (Article 131), not the High Courts.
– “Protection from the violation of the Constitution” is not a specific head of jurisdiction; while courts can review constitutionality of laws, the clear concurrent jurisdiction of both courts is specifically for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.