Q. With reference to recent developments regarding ‘Recombinant Vector Vaccines’, consider the following statements:
1.Genetic engineering is applied in the development of these vaccines.
2.Bacteria and viruses are used as vectors.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: c) Both 1 and 2
Question from UPSC Prelims 2021 GS Paper
Explanation :
Recombinant Vector Vaccines
Genetic engineering is a pivotal technique in the field of vaccine development. By manipulating an organism’s genes, scientists are able to create recombinant vector vaccines that stimulate the immune system without causing disease. This process involves inserting genetic material from a pathogen into a harmless vector.
Role of Genetic Engineering in Vaccine Development
Genetic engineering is crucial in the development of these vaccines. It allows for the precise insertion of pathogen antigens into the genetic makeup of a vector, which then instructs the vector to produce these antigens. When introduced into the human body, these vectors prompt an immune response that prepares the body to fight the actual pathogen in future encounters.
Using Bacteria and Viruses as Vectors
Bacteria and viruses are commonly used as vectors in the creation of recombinant vector vaccines. Viruses, such as modified adenoviruses, are especially effective due to their natural ability to enter cells and deliver genetic material. These viruses are engineered to be safe and incapable of causing disease. Although less common, bacteria can also serve as vectors in vaccine development, providing another method of delivering protective antigens to the host’s immune system.
