Q: What is subjective method in social research? Examine Focus Group Discussion (FGD) as a technique for data collection, with suitable examples.

Model Answer:

Subjective Methods in Social Research

The subjective method in social research is an approach that focuses on understanding social phenomena from the perspective of the participants involved. Key aspects include:

1. Emphasis on lived experiences and personal interpretations
2. Recognition of multiple realities constructed by individuals
3. Researcher’s active involvement in the data collection process
4. Use of qualitative techniques to capture rich, descriptive data
5. Aim to uncover meanings people attribute to their social world

Theoretical foundations:
• Weber’s Verstehen approach: Emphasizes empathetic understanding
• Symbolic Interactionism (Blumer): Focuses on how individuals interpret and create meaning in social interactions

Focus Group Discussion (FGD) as a Data Collection Technique:

FGD is a qualitative research method that exemplifies the subjective approach. It involves:

1. Definition: A structured, interactive group interview led by a moderator
2. Typical size: 6-10 participants
3. Duration: Usually 1-2 hours

Key features:
• Group interaction and dynamics
• Semi-structured format with predetermined questions
• Flexibility to explore emerging themes

Strengths:
• Generates rich, in-depth data on opinions, attitudes, and experiences
• Allows observation of social interactions and collective meaning-making
• Efficient for collecting data from multiple participants simultaneously
• Stimulates new ideas through group synergy

Limitations:
• Potential for groupthink or dominant voices influencing others
• Less suitable for sensitive topics
• Requires skilled moderation

Examples of FGD application:

1. Market research: Understanding consumer preferences for a new product
– E.g., gathering opinions on smartphone features from young adults

2. Public health: Exploring community attitudes towards health initiatives
– E.g., discussing perceptions of COVID-19 vaccination among elderly populations

3. Social policy: Evaluating the impact of government programs
– E.g., assessing the effectiveness of job training programs for unemployed individuals

4. Education: Gathering feedback on curriculum or teaching methods
– E.g., exploring student experiences with online learning during the pandemic

In conclusion, the subjective method in social research, exemplified by techniques like FGD, provides valuable insights into how people interpret and construct their social realities. While it has limitations, this approach remains crucial for understanding complex social phenomena from the participants’ perspectives.