Q. Winning of Hearts and Minds’ in terrorism-affected areas is an essential step in restoring the trust of the population. Discuss the measures adopted by the Government in this respect as part of the conflict resolution in Jammu and Kashmir.

Model Answer: 

Strategy of ‘Winning Hearts and Minds’ (WHAM)

The ‘Winning Hearts and Minds’ approach is a counterinsurgency strategy that aims to gain the support of the local population through non-military means. In the context of Jammu and Kashmir, this strategy is particularly significant due to the long-standing conflict and the need to address the grievances of the local population.

The Government of India has adopted several measures as part of its WHAM strategy in Jammu and Kashmir:

1. Economic Development: The government has launched various initiatives to boost economic growth and create employment opportunities. These include the Prime Minister’s Development Package (PMDP) for J&K, which allocated substantial funds for infrastructure development, job creation, and skill development. Additionally, programs like ‘Back to Village’ aim to bring governance to the grassroots level and address local development needs.

2. Education and Skill Development: Efforts have been made to improve educational infrastructure and opportunities. The establishment of new educational institutions, including IITs and IIMs, and scholarship programs for Kashmiri students aim to enhance human capital development in the region.

3. Youth Engagement: Recognizing the importance of engaging the youth, the government has initiated programs like ‘Khelo India’ to promote sports and physical activities. Cultural exchange programs and youth festivals have also been organized to foster integration with the rest of India.

4. Improved Governance: The abrogation of Article 370 in 2019, while controversial, was presented as a step towards better governance and integration with the rest of India. Subsequent measures include the implementation of central laws and welfare schemes previously not applicable to J&K.

5. Rehabilitation of Militants: The government has implemented surrender and rehabilitation policies for militants, offering them opportunities to reintegrate into mainstream society. This includes financial assistance, vocational training, and support for their families.

6. Cultural Preservation: Efforts have been made to preserve and promote Kashmiri culture, art, and heritage. This includes the restoration of historical sites, promotion of local handicrafts, and cultural events celebrating Kashmiri traditions.

7. Dialogue and Engagement: The government has attempted to engage with various stakeholders, including political parties, civil society organizations, and youth groups, to address grievances and find a political solution to the conflict.

While these measures demonstrate a multifaceted approach to winning hearts and minds, their effectiveness remains a subject of debate. Critics argue that some actions, such as the abrogation of Article 370, have alienated sections of the population. Additionally, continued military presence and security measures often counteract the goodwill generated by development initiatives.