The correct answer is: c) 3 and 4

Explanation:

To evaluate the correctness of the statements regarding the new criminal laws enacted by the Indian Parliament, let’s analyze each statement based on the provided information:

1. The new criminal law ‘Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita’ came into effect from April 1, 2023.

– This statement is incorrect. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, along with the other new laws, is set to come into effect on July 1, 2024.

2. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita replaced the Indian Penal Code.

– This statement is incorrect. The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita replaces the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), not the Indian Penal Code (IPC).

3. Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam came into effect from July 1, 2024.

– This statement is correct. The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam is indeed scheduled to take effect on July 1, 2024.

4. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita was passed by the parliament in December 2023.

– This statement is correct. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita was passed by Parliament in December 2023 and received presidential assent on December 25, 2023.

The correct answer based on the analysis above is c) 3 and 4.

Correct Answer: c) High heat capacity of humid air

Explanation: The temperature variation of land near the sea is less compared to areas far from the sea because of the high heat capacity of water and the humid air near the sea. Water has a high specific heat capacity, meaning it can absorb and store a large amount of heat without a significant rise in temperature.

During the day, the sea absorbs heat and prevents the land from getting too hot. At night, the sea releases the stored heat slowly, keeping the surrounding areas warmer. This moderating effect of the sea reduces temperature fluctuations in coastal regions. Humid air near the sea also plays a role in maintaining a stable temperature as it retains heat more effectively than dry air. Hence, the correct answer is option c.

The correct answer is Option B: Hg.

Explanation: Conventional glass thermometers typically use mercury (symbol: Hg) as the material inside the thermometer. Mercury is a liquid metal at room temperature and has a high coefficient of expansion, making it ideal for accurately measuring temperature changes. It is also visible due to its shiny, metallic appearance, which makes it easy to read the temperature scale. Other options like Mg (magnesium), Me (not a valid chemical symbol), and Mn (manganese) are not used in conventional thermometers.

Correct Answer: b) A philosophy that believes that humans should radically change their relationship with nature

Explanation:

Let’ solve this step by step.

1) First, let’s understand what happens when a metal sheet with a hole is heated:
– When metal expands, the hole also expands
– When metal contracts, the hole also contracts
– The fractional change in the hole’s dimensions is the same as the metal’s dimensions

2) The linear thermal expansion coefficient (α) is given as 1 × 10⁻³ per °C

3) The formula for linear thermal expansion is:
ΔL/L = α × ΔT
where ΔL/L is the fractional change in length

4) For a 10% decrease in size:
ΔL/L = -0.1 = (1 × 10⁻³) × ΔT

5) Solving for ΔT:
ΔT = -0.1/(1 × 10⁻³)
ΔT = -100

6) This means we need to cool the sheet by 100°C to decrease the hole size by 10%

Therefore, the correct answer is (c) The sheet is cooled by 100°C.

The correct answer is: Option C: Moon’s gravitational impact on the Earth.

Explanation: Tidal waves, or tides, are primarily caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon on the Earth’s oceans. The Moon’s gravity exerts a force on the water, causing it to bulge out on the side of the Earth facing the Moon. At the same time, there is another bulge on the opposite side of the Earth due to the centrifugal force created by the Earth-Moon system’s rotation. These bulges result in high tides.

hile the Sun also has a gravitational effect on Earth’s tides, its influence is less significant compared to the Moon because the Moon is much closer to the Earth. Therefore, the primary cause of tidal waves is the Moon’s gravitational impact on the Earth.

The correct answer is: c) Tropical cyclones.

Explanation: Climate change is primarily driven by global warming, which results from the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This warming has a direct impact on weather patterns and ocean temperatures. Tropical cyclones, also known as hurricanes or typhoons, are heavily influenced by sea surface temperatures. Warmer oceans provide more energy for these storms, making them more intense and potentially more frequent.

On the other hand:
– Earthquakes (Option A) are caused by tectonic plate movements and are not influenced by climate change.
– Tsunamis (Option B) are usually triggered by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, which are also unrelated to climate change.
– Volcanic eruptions (Option D) are caused by geological processes beneath the Earth’s surface and are not affected by climate change.

Thus, tropical cyclones are the disaster most likely to be influenced by climate change.

The correct answer is: c) Biotic potential.

Explanation: Biotic potential refers to the maximum capacity of a population to grow and reproduce under ideal environmental conditions, such as unlimited resources, no predators, and no diseases. It represents the inherent ability of a species to increase its population size.

Option a) Natality refers to the birth rate or the number of births in a population over a specific period of time.
Option b) Carrying capacity is the maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely based on available resources.
Option d) Absolute natality refers to the total number of births in a population without considering the population size or time frame.

Thus, the ability of a population to increase under ideal conditions is best described by biotic potential.

Correct Answer: b) A philosophy that believes that humans should radically change their relationship with nature

Explanation: Deep ecologism is an environmental philosophy that emphasizes the intrinsic value of all living beings and the interconnectedness of life on Earth. It advocates for a fundamental shift in how humans perceive and interact with nature, moving away from an anthropocentric (human-centered) view to a more ecocentric (nature-centered) perspective. This philosophy suggests that humans should radically change their relationship with nature, not just by making small lifestyle changes, but by rethinking their role within the ecosystem and prioritizing the well-being of the entire planet over human convenience or exploitation. Therefore, option b best describes the term Deep ecologism.

The correct answer is: d) 1, 2 and 3.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1: AQI will have ‘one number, one colour and one description’ to inform the public about air quality in a simple and easily understandable format.

This statement is correct. The National Air Quality Index (AQI) is designed to provide a single value (number) that represents the air quality status, along with a corresponding color code and description. This makes it easy for the general public to understand the air quality and take necessary precautions.

2. Statement 2: There are six AQI categories, namely: good, satisfactory, moderately polluted, poor, very poor and severe.

This statement is correct. The AQI is divided into six categories based on the level of pollution. These categories are: Good, Satisfactory, Moderately Polluted, Poor, Very Poor, and Severe. Each category indicates a specific range of air quality and its potential impact on health.3. Statement 3: The index considers eight pollutants – PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, NH3 and Pb.

This statement is correct. The AQI takes into account eight key pollutants: Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ozone (O3), Ammonia (NH3), and Lead (Pb). These pollutants are monitored to calculate the AQI.

Since all three statements are correct, the correct answer is option d) 1, 2 and 3.

The correct answer is: a) 1 only.

Explanation:

Statement 1: It is correct. Cloud seeding is indeed a weather modification technique that aims to enhance a cloud’s ability to produce precipitation (rain or snow). This is done by introducing substances like tiny ice nuclei into certain types of subfreezing clouds. These substances help in the formation of ice crystals, which can grow and eventually fall as precipitation.

Statement 2: It is incorrect. Aluminum hydroxide is not the most common chemical used for cloud seeding. The most commonly used substances for cloud seeding are silver iodide, potassium iodide, or even dry ice (solid carbon dioxide). These materials are effective in promoting the formation of ice crystals in clouds, which is essential for precipitation.

Thus, only statement 1 is correct, making option a) 1 only the right answer.