Correct Answer: (A) A newscaster delivers the weather report on 9 o’clock news

Explanation:

Mediated communication refers to communication that is facilitated through a medium, such as television, radio, the internet, or any other technological channel, rather than direct face-to-face interaction.

– Option (A): A newscaster delivering the weather report on the 9 o’clock news is an example of mediated communication because the message is transmitted through the medium of television to reach the audience.

– Option (B): A politician addressing a convention is typically face-to-face communication, not mediated unless it is broadcasted through a medium.

– Option (C): Two friends gossiping with one another is an example of interpersonal communication, which is direct and face-to-face.

– Option (D): Students working on a class project together is also an example of interpersonal or group communication, not mediated.

Thus, the correct answer is (A) because it involves communication through a technological medium.

Correct Answer: (D) 1, 4, 7

Explanation:

The role of a leader is often conceptualized as balancing and addressing three key areas of need, which are:

1. Task: Ensuring that the task or goal is achieved effectively and efficiently.

2. Team: Building and maintaining a cohesive and motivated team to work towards the goal.

3. Individual: Addressing the needs, development, and well-being of individual team members.

These three areas are commonly referred to in leadership theories, such as John Adair’s “Action-Centered Leadership” model, which emphasizes the importance of balancing task, team, and individual needs for effective leadership.

– Option (A): Includes “Function,” which is not one of the three circles of need.

– Option (B): Includes “New ideas” and “Communication,” which are important but not part of the three circles of need.

– Option (C): Includes “Process” and “New ideas,” which are not part of the three circles of need.

– Option (D): Correctly identifies the three circles of need: Task (1), Team (4), and Individual (7).

Thus, the correct answer is (D) 1, 4, 7.

Correct Answer: (B) Iconic memory

Explanation:

Iconic memory is a type of sensory memory that specifically deals with visual information. It has the shortest duration, lasting only about 0.2 to 0.5 seconds. This brief retention allows the brain to process visual stimuli before it either discards the information or transfers it to short-term memory.

Here’s a breakdown of the options:

– (A) Immediate memory: This is often used interchangeably with short-term memory or working memory, which lasts for a few seconds to minutes, depending on the context.

– (B) Iconic memory: This is the correct answer because it is a form of sensory memory with an extremely short duration (less than a second).

– (C) Working memory: This is a part of short-term memory that actively processes and manipulates information. It lasts longer than iconic memory, typically for several seconds to minutes.

– (D) Echoic memory: This is another type of sensory memory, but it deals with auditory information. It lasts slightly longer than iconic memory, typically around 3–4 seconds.

Correct Answer: (A) 2, 4, 6, 8

Explanation:

The four basic communication skills are Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing. These skills are fundamental for effective communication in any language. Here’s why:

1. Listening: This is a receptive skill that involves understanding spoken language. It is essential for comprehending information and engaging in conversations.

2. Speaking: This is a productive skill that allows individuals to express their thoughts and ideas verbally.

3. Reading: This is another receptive skill that involves understanding written text.

4. Writing: This is a productive skill that enables individuals to communicate their ideas in written form.

These four skills (Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing) are interrelated and form the foundation of effective communication. Therefore, the correct answer is (A) 2, 4, 6, 8.

The correct answer is (C) Anchoring bias.

Explanation:

Anchoring bias refers to the cognitive bias where individuals rely too heavily on the first piece of information (the “anchor”) they receive when making decisions. This initial information serves as a reference point, and subsequent judgments or decisions are influenced by it, even if the anchor is irrelevant or misleading.

– (A) Confirmation bias: This is the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one’s preexisting beliefs or hypotheses, rather than focusing on the first information received.

– (B) Hindsight bias: This is the tendency to see events as being more predictable after they have already occurred (“I knew it all along” effect). It is unrelated to the first information received.

– (D) Availability heuristic: This refers to the tendency to judge the likelihood of an event based on how easily examples come to mind. It is not about giving excessive weight to the first information.

The correct answer is (C) Reciprocity of liking.

Explanation:

The “reciprocity of liking” refers to the tendency of people to like someone who expresses that they like them. It is a psychological phenomenon where mutual liking fosters positive feelings and relationships. When we know someone likes us, we are more likely to feel positively toward them in return.

– (A) Prejudice: This refers to a preconceived opinion or bias, often negative, toward a person or group. It is unrelated to liking.

– (B) Attractiveness: While physical or personal attractiveness can influence liking, it is not the same as the general tendency of people to like each other.

– (D) Discrimination: This involves treating people unfairly based on their group membership and is unrelated to liking.

The correct answer is (B) Attribution.

Explanation:

Attribution refers to the process by which individuals explain the causes of their own and others’ behavior. It is a key concept in social psychology and involves determining whether a behavior is caused by internal factors (like personality traits, motives, or attitudes) or external factors (like situational influences or environmental conditions).

– (A) Prosocial behaviour: This refers to actions intended to benefit others, such as helping, sharing, or cooperating. It is not related to explaining behavior.

– (C) Altruism: This is a specific type of prosocial behavior where an individual helps others selflessly, without expecting anything in return. It does not involve explaining behavior.

– (D) Discrimination: This refers to unfair treatment of individuals based on their group membership (e.g., race, gender, etc.). It is unrelated to the process of explaining behavior.

Thus, the process of explaining behavior is best described by Attribution.

Correct Answer: (D) -1

Explanation:

To determine the value of x that makes the points (1, x), (5, 2), and (9, 5) collinear, we need to ensure that the slope between any two pairs of points is the same.

1. Calculate the slope between (5, 2) and (9, 5):
Slope_1 = (5 – 2) / (9 – 5) = 3 / 4

2. Calculate the slope between (1, x) and (5, 2):
Slope_2 = (2 – x) / (5 – 1) = (2 – x) / 4

3. Set the slopes equal to each other:
(2 – x) / 4 = 3 / 4

4. Solve for x:
2 – x = 3
-x = 3 – 2
-x = 1
x = -1

Answer: (D) -1

Correct Answer: (C) 90 cm²

Explanation:

To determine the surface area of the resulting cuboid when two cubes of volume 27 cm³ each are joined end to end, follow these steps:

1. Find the side length of each cube:
Volume of a cube = s³ ⇒ s = ∛27 = 3 cm

2. Determine the dimensions of the cuboid:
– When two cubes are joined end to end along one edge (let’s assume the length), the dimensions of the resulting cuboid are:

Length = 2s = 2 × 3 = 6 cm
Width = s = 3 cm
Height = s = 3 cm

3. Calculate the surface area of the cuboid:
Surface Area = 2(lw + lh + wh)
Substituting the dimensions:
= 2(6 × 3 + 6 × 3 + 3 × 3)
= 2(18 + 18 + 9)
= 2 × 45 = 90 cm²

Answer: (C) 90 cm²

Correct Answer: (B) 100

Explanation:

Step 1: Divide Each Term by Its Position
Let’s consider the position of each term in the series and divide the term by its position:

– 1st term: 4 / 1 = 4
– 2nd term: 18 / 2 = 9
– 3rd term: 48 / 3 = 16
– 4th term: ? / 4 = ?
– 5th term: 180 / 5 = 36

Step 2: Identify the Pattern
The resulting numbers after division are: 4, 9, 16, ?, 36. Observing these:

– 4 = 2²
– 9 = 3²
– 16 = 4²
– 36 = 6²

It appears that each of these numbers is a perfect square, and the pattern follows the sequence of squares of consecutive integers. Notably, the 4th term in this pattern should logically be 5² = 25.

Step 3: Calculate the Missing Term
Given that ? / 4 = 25, we can find the missing term:
? = 25 × 4 = 100

Answer: (B) 100