The correct answer is: c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation:

– Assertion (A): Jute is an indigenous plant of India.

– True. Jute has been cultivated in India for centuries and is native to the region, particularly thriving in the eastern parts of the country.

– Reason (R): Jute is a Kharif crop sown from February to June and harvested from July to October.

– True. Jute is a rainy season crop, sown from March to May according to rainfall and type of land. It is harvested from June to September depending upon whether the sowings are early or late.

Source: – http://www.worldjute.com/about_jute/abj_cultivation.html

Correct Answer: a) 1 3 2 4.

Explanation:

1. Debsa Pass: This pass is located in Himachal Pradesh and has a height of 5360 metres. – Match: A → 1

2. Rohtang Pass: This is a well-known pass in Himachal Pradesh, connecting Kullu Valley with Lahaul and Spiti Valleys. Its height is 3978 metres. – Match: B → 3

3. Bara-lacha Pass: This pass lies on the Leh-Manali highway and has a height of 4850 metres. – Match: C → 2

4. Banihal Pass: This pass is located in Jammu and Kashmir and has a height of 2832 metres. – Match: D → 4

The correct code is a) 1 3 2 4.

Correct Answer: a) Both 1 and 2

Explanation:

The Upper Gangetic Plains Region, designated as Zone 5 in India’s agro-climatic classification, encompasses the central and western parts of Uttar Pradesh. This region is characterized by a sub-humid continental climate, with July temperatures ranging from 26°C to 41°C, January temperatures between 7°C and 23°C, and average annual rainfall between 75 cm and 150 cm. The predominant soil type is sandy loam.

In terms of agricultural practices, the region exhibits an irrigation intensity of 131% and a cropping intensity of 144%. The primary sources of irrigation include canals, tube wells, and wells. This intensive agricultural area primarily cultivates wheat, rice, sugarcane, millets, maize, gram, barley, oilseeds, pulses, and cotton.

Therefore, the correct answer is (a) Both 1 and 2.

Correct Answer: b) Khartoum – Ethiopia

Explanation:

a) Naypyidaw – Myanmar: This is correctly matched. Naypyidaw is the capital city of Myanmar.

b) Khartoum – Ethiopia: This is not correctly matched. Khartoum is the capital of Sudan, not Ethiopia. The capital of Ethiopia is Addis Ababa.

c) Dublin – Ireland: This is correctly matched. Dublin is the capital city of Ireland.

d) Ottawa – Canada: This is correctly matched. Ottawa is the capital city of Canada.

Thus, the incorrect pair is b) Khartoum – Ethiopia.

Correct Answer: (c) 3 2 4 1.

Explanation:

1. Mango Shower: These are pre-monsoon showers that occur in the southern states of India, particularly in Karnataka Coastal Areas. They are called “Mango Showers” because they help in the ripening of mangoes. Hence, it matches with 3.

2. Blossom Shower: These are pre-monsoon showers that occur in Kerala. They are important for coffee plantations as they help in the blossoming of coffee flowers. Hence, it matches with 2.

3. Norwesters: These are violent thunderstorms that occur in the eastern parts of India, particularly in West Bengal and surrounding areas. Hence, it matches with 4.

4. Loo: This is a hot and dry wind that blows during the summer season in northern India, particularly from Punjab to Bihar. Hence, it matches with 1.

The correct answer is (c) 3 2 4 1.

Correct Answer: b) 4 3 2 1.

Explanation:

1. Kanchipuram: This city is one of the ancient cities of India, known for its historical and cultural significance. It was a prominent city during ancient times, particularly under the Pallava dynasty. Hence, it belongs to the Ancient Period (4).

2. Jaisalmer: Jaisalmer, located in Rajasthan, is a medieval city known for its fort and architecture. It was established in the 12th century by Rawal Jaisal. Hence, it belongs to the Medieval Period (3).

3. Kodaikanal: Kodaikanal is a hill station in Tamil Nadu that was developed during the British colonial period as a retreat from the heat of the plains. Hence, it belongs to the Colonial Period (2).

4. Bhilai: Bhilai is a planned industrial city in Chhattisgarh, developed post-independence, particularly known for the Bhilai Steel Plant established in collaboration with the Soviet Union. Hence, it belongs to the Post-independence Period (1).

The correct sequence is b) 4 3 2 1.

Correct Answer: d) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Explanation:
Assertion (A) states that red soil is the second largest soil group in India, which is correct. Red soil covers a significant portion of the Indian landmass, particularly in regions like Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and parts of Madhya Pradesh. It is formed due to the weathering of metamorphic and igneous rocks and is rich in iron, giving it a reddish color.

Black Soil 15%, Red Soil 18.5%, Alluvial Soil 40% 

Reason (R) states that red soil surrounds black soil in the south, east, and north directions, which is false it does not surround in north direction.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_soil_deposits_of_India

By ncert – http://nroer.in/gstudio/resources/images/show/35270/, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27703297

Correct Answer: a) Both 1 and 2

Explanation:

1. Statement 1: Cotton is mostly a Kharif crop.

– This statement is correct. Cotton is predominantly grown as a Kharif crop in India. It is sown during the onset of the monsoon (June-July) and harvested in the winter months (October-January). The crop requires a warm climate for germination and growth, which aligns with the Kharif season.

2. Statement 2: Cotton crop requires moderate amounts of rainfall varying between 50–75 cm annually.

– This statement is also correct. Cotton is a tropical and subtropical crop that thrives in areas with moderate rainfall. It requires an annual rainfall of about 50–75 cm, which is sufficient for its growth. Excessive rainfall or waterlogging can harm the crop, as cotton prefers well-drained soil.

Thus, both statements are correct, and the correct answer is a) Both 1 and 2.

Correct Answer: b) Bihar’s contribution to rice production – 15.7%

Explanation:

Maximum Share in Rice Production by any state is 12.17. So, Bihar can not have 15.7%

Source: https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/economicsurvey/doc/stat/tab118.pdf

Correct Answer: c) 4 1 2 3

Explanation:

1. Upper Bari Doab Canal: This canal is associated with the Ravi River. It was constructed to irrigate areas in Punjab and is one of the oldest canals in India. So, A matches with 4.

2. Sirhind Canal: This canal is associated with the Sutlej River. It originates from the Sutlej at Ropar and irrigates parts of Punjab and Haryana. So, B matches with 1.

3. Gurgaon Canal: This canal is associated with the Yamuna River. It is a branch of the Western Yamuna Canal and serves irrigation purposes in Haryana. So, C matches with 2.

4. Indira Gandhi Canal: This canal is associated with the Sutlej, Ravi, and Beas Rivers. It is one of the largest canal systems in India and provides water to the arid regions of Rajasthan. So, D matches with 3.

Thus, the correct code is c) 4 1 2 3