Q. Analyze the salience of ‘sect’ in Indian society vis-a-vis caste, region and religion.
Question from UPSC Mains 2022 GS1 Paper
Model Answer:
Salience of Sect in Indian Society: Caste, Region, and Religion
Sects in India are subgroups within larger religious or social entities, often with distinct beliefs or practices. Their salience in Indian society is deeply intertwined with caste, region, and religion, creating a complex social fabric.
Sect and Caste:
• Sects sometimes provide alternative social hierarchies to the caste system.
– Example: Lingayat sect in Karnataka
• However, certain sects reinforce caste identities.
– Example: Some Vaishnava sects
Sect and Region:
• Many sects are rooted in regional traditions and cultures.
– Example: Warkari sect in Maharashtra
• Some sects transcend regional boundaries, fostering pan-Indian identities.
– Example: Radhasoami sect (Uttar Pradesh origin)
Sect and Religion:
• Sects emerge within major religions, offering varied interpretations and practices.
• They play crucial roles in religious reforms and social movements.
– Examples: Arya Samaj, Ahmadiyya movement
• Sects often mediate between local traditions and broader religious identities.
Salience in Contemporary India:
1. Political Influence:
• Sects can mobilize followers for political support.
• Some sect leaders wield significant political clout.
– Example: Dera Sacha Sauda (Haryana)
2. Economic Aspects:
• Many sects run educational institutions and charitable organizations.
• Some have developed into large economic entities.
– Example: BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha
3. Social Dynamics:
• Sects promote social cohesion within the group.
• They can sometimes lead to inter-group conflicts.
• Sects often provide social services and community support.
4. Identity Formation:
• Sect affiliations contribute to individual and collective identities.
• They sometimes offer alternatives to caste-based identities.
Conclusion: Sects significantly influence Indian society, interacting complexly with caste, regional, and religious identities, shaping social, political, and economic landscapes.
