Q. Critically examine the roles of science and technology in social change. What is your opinion on their increasing trend in ‘online’ education an teaching?

Model Answer:

Science and technology

Science and technology have been fundamental catalysts of social change, reshaping societies through advancements in knowledge and tools.

Key Sociological Perspectives:
1. Karl Marx: Emphasized technological innovation as a driver of changes in the economic base, influencing social structures.
2. Max Weber: Highlighted rationalization due to scientific progress, leading to bureaucratic systems.

Positive Impacts:
• Enhanced efficiency, connectivity, and access to information
• Enablement of social movements (e.g., social media’s role in the Arab Spring)
• Industrial Revolution and Information Age as transformative periods

Criticisms and Challenges:
• Technological determinism: Overemphasis on technology’s role in shaping society
• Digital divide: Exacerbation of existing inequalities
• Privacy concerns: Issues related to surveillance technologies

Online Education Trend:
Benefits:
• Flexibility and wider reach
• Democratization of learning opportunities
• Access to quality education for remote learners

Challenges:
• Disparities due to unequal access to technology
• Potential reduction in social interaction
• Questions about the quality of online pedagogy

Conclusion:
While science and technology drive significant social change, addressing associated challenges is crucial to fully harness their benefits.