UPSC GS4 2024

Q. “In law, a man is guilty when he violates the rights of others. In ethics, he is guilty if he only thinks of doing so.” – Immanuel Kant

UPSC Mains 2024 GS4 Ethics Paper

Model Answer:

Immanuel Kant’s quote distinguishes between legal and ethical guilt, highlighting the broader scope of ethical responsibility.

Legal Guilt:
• In law, guilt is determined by tangible actions that violate others’ rights.
• It requires concrete evidence of wrongdoing.
• Example: A person is legally guilty of theft only when they actually take someone’s property without permission.

Ethical Guilt:
• Ethics considers intentions and thoughts, not just actions.
• It holds individuals accountable for their moral reasoning and potential to cause harm.
• Example: Contemplating theft, even without action, can be considered ethically problematic.

Comparison and Implications:
• Law focuses on maintaining social order through enforceable rules.
• Ethics guides personal conduct and character development.
• This distinction emphasizes the importance of both external compliance and internal moral compass.

Application in Decision-making:
• Encourages individuals to reflect on their thoughts and intentions, not just actions.
• Promotes a higher standard of personal and professional conduct.
• Fosters a culture of integrity and ethical awareness in society and institutions.

Conclusion:
Understanding both legal and ethical dimensions of guilt is crucial for fostering a just society and maintaining personal integrity.

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