Q. In medieval India, the term “Fanam” referred to:

Explanation : 

Fanams: Medieval Indian Currency

In medieval India, the term “Fanam” referred to a type of coin. Fanams were small-sized coins made of gold, silver, or other metals that were widely used as a medium of exchange in various parts of India, particularly in the southern regions. The use of fanams can be traced back to as early as the Chola dynasty, which ruled from the 9th to the 13th centuries, and they continued to be used in subsequent periods.

Variability in Weight and Value

The weight and value of fanams varied over time and across different regions. Due to their small size and intrinsic value, fanams were convenient for everyday transactions and were often used for trade both within and outside of India. The term “fanam” itself is thought to have been derived from the Sanskrit word “phāṇa,” which means “marked” or “stamped,” referring to the imprints on the coins.

Designs and Symbols on Fanams

Fanams often featured various designs, including symbols, deities, and inscriptions, which could indicate the issuing authority or the region of circulation. The widespread use of fanams as currency illustrates the economic activity and trade networks that existed in medieval India.