Statement-I: According to the United Nations’ ‘World Water Development Report, 2022’, India extracts more than quarter of the world’s groundwater withdrawal each year.
Statement-II: India needs to extract more than a quarter of the World’s groundwater each year to satisfy the drinking water and sanitation needs of almost 18% of world’s population living in its territory.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

a. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
b. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
c. Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
d. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Question from UPSC Prelims 2023 GS Paper

Explanation :

Correct Answer – C

India’s Groundwater Extraction Overview

According to the United Nations’ World Water Development Report, 2022, India is responsible for extracting more than a quarter of the world’s groundwater each year. This significant figure highlights India’s major role in global groundwater usage.

Factors Contributing to High Groundwater Extraction in India

Contrary to the belief that high groundwater extraction in India is primarily for drinking water and sanitation needs, there are other significant factors at play. A major driver of this extraction is agricultural irrigation, which accounts for a substantial portion of the country’s water usage. Additionally, inefficient water management and distribution systems also contribute to the high rate of groundwater extraction. These factors combine to create a complex challenge in managing India’s water resources effectively.