Q: Analyse the role of market and modern forces in understanding the changing trends in marriage systems in India.

Model Answer:

Marriage System in India

In India, the institution of marriage has been historically associated with various socio-cultural norms and traditions. The foundation of the Indian marriage system is largely based on the principles of religion, caste, and kinship. However, over the years, the influence of market forces and modernization has brought about significant changes in the marriage systems in India.

Role of Market Forces

Economic Liberalization: The economic liberalization in the 1990s brought about a shift in the socio-economic structure of India. The emergence of a new middle class, with increased purchasing power, has led to a commodification of the marriage process. The influence of market forces has resulted in extravagant weddings, with a focus on materialistic display of wealth.

Consumerism: The rise in consumerism has also affected the marriage system. The market has commodified various aspects of marriage, including matchmaking services, wedding planners, and the dowry system. For example, the online matrimony sites like Shaadi.com, Jeevansathi.com, etc., have commercialized the process of finding a life partner.

Employment Opportunities: The creation of new employment opportunities, particularly for women, has also impacted the marriage system. Women are now more economically independent, leading to a shift in the power dynamics within marriages. This has also led to an increase in late marriages, inter-caste marriages, and even the acceptance of live-in relationships.

Role of Modern Forces

Education: Modern education has played a significant role in changing the marriage trends in India. Education has led to increased awareness about individual rights and gender equality, leading to a shift from arranged marriages to love marriages.

Urbanization: The process of urbanization has led to a breakdown of joint families and the emergence of nuclear families. This has resulted in a change in the dynamics of marriage, with a greater emphasis on companionship rather than traditional roles.

Globalization: The influence of globalization has led to the adoption of western values and norms, leading to changes in the marriage system. For example, the acceptance of inter-caste, inter-religion, and same-sex marriages is a result of the influence of western culture.

Conclusion

The influence of market and modern forces has brought about significant changes in the marriage system in India. However, it is important to note that these changes are not uniform across the country. The influence of these forces varies across different regions, communities, and socio-economic classes. While these forces have brought about progressive changes in some aspects, they have also led to the commodification and commercialization of the marriage process. Therefore, it is essential to strike a balance between tradition and modernity, ensuring that the sanctity and significance of the marriage institution are not lost.