Correct Answer: b) 1, 2 and 3

Explanation:

Financial inclusion refers to the process of ensuring access to financial services and timely and adequate credit for vulnerable groups such as weaker sections and low-income groups at an affordable cost. All three events mentioned in the question are significant steps taken to achieve financial inclusion in India. Here’s how:

1. Nationalisation of Banks (1969 and 1980):

– The nationalisation of banks was a major step to bring banking services to the masses, especially in rural and semi-urban areas. Before nationalisation, banking services were largely concentrated in urban areas and catered to the needs of industrialists and wealthy individuals. Nationalisation ensured that banks focused on priority sectors like agriculture, small-scale industries, and rural development, thereby promoting financial inclusion.

2. Formation of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) (1975):

– RRBs were established to provide credit and other financial services to small and marginal farmers, agricultural laborers, and rural artisans. These banks were specifically designed to cater to the rural population, which was underserved by commercial banks. This was a direct step toward improving financial inclusion in rural areas.

3. Adoption of Villages by Bank Branches:

– Under various schemes, banks were encouraged to adopt villages to provide banking services and promote financial literacy. This initiative aimed to bring unbanked rural areas into the formal banking system, thereby enhancing financial inclusion.

Hence, the correct answer is b) 1, 2 and 3.

The correct answer is: d) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Explanation:

– Assertion (A): The value of a national currency is determined by the demand and supply of foreign currency under a flexible exchange rate system. This statement is true because, in a flexible exchange rate system, the exchange rate is determined by market forces—i.e., the interaction of demand and supply for foreign currency in the foreign exchange market.

– Reason (R): The demand and supply of foreign currency are determined by the Central Bank. This statement is false because, under a flexible exchange rate system, the Central Bank does not directly control or determine the demand and supply of foreign currency. Instead, these are influenced by factors such as trade flows, capital flows, interest rates, and economic conditions. The Central Bank may intervene in a managed or fixed exchange rate system, but not in a purely flexible system.

Thus, while the assertion is correct, the reason provided is incorrect.

Correct Answer: c) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation:

1. First-of-its-kind initiative of FTAs: This statement is incorrect. While the Ind-Aus ECTA is significant, it is not the first of its kind; there are several other free trade agreements (FTAs) in existence between various countries.

2. Attendance of Commerce Secretary Sunil Barthwal: This statement is correct. The meeting was indeed attended by the Commerce Secretary of India, Shri Sunil Barthwal, who led the Indian delegation during discussions about trade and investment issues under the ECTA.

Based on this analysis, the correct answer is: a) Only 2.

Correct Answer: b) 3 2 4 1

Explanation:

1. A. India – Uzbekistan Joint Military Exercise, “DUSTLIK”

– The 5th edition of Exercise DUSTLIK is scheduled to be conducted from 15th to 28th April 2024 in Termez, Uzbekistan.

– Correct match: A → 3

2. B. India – France Joint Military Exercise, “SHAKTI”

– The 7th edition of Exercise SHAKTI is scheduled to be conducted from 13th to 26th May 2024 at Umroi, Meghalaya.

– Correct match: B → 2

3. C. Harbour phase of Indo – US Joint Exercise, Tiger Triumph, 2024

– The Harbour Phase of the Indo-US Joint Exercise Tiger Triumph was conducted at Visakhapatnam from 18th to 25th March 2024.

– Correct match: C → 4

4. D. MILAN, 2024

– The Multilateral Naval Exercise MILAN 2024 was held in Visakhapatnam, India, from 19th to 27th February 2024.

– Correct match: D → 1

The correct codes are: A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1.

Correct Answer: a) 1, 2, 3, 4

Explanation:

1. Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP): This program was introduced in 1978 and implemented in 1980. It is the earliest among the listed schemes.

2. Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY): This scheme was launched in the year 1999-2000. It came much later than IRDP.

3. National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA): This act was passed in 2005 and later renamed as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). It came after SGSY.

4. Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY): This scheme was launched in 2014. It is the most recent among the listed schemes.

Correct Answer: a) 1, 2, 3, 4

Correct Answer: d) Both 1 and 2

Explanation:

1. Strategic Importance: Shaksgam Valley is indeed considered a strategic region, as it is part of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) and has significant military and geopolitical implications due to its proximity to the Siachen Glacier and the ongoing territorial disputes between India, Pakistan, and China. The valley was ceded by Pakistan to China in a 1963 agreement, which India does not recognize.

2. India’s Protests: India has expressed concerns over Chinese infrastructure developments in Shaksgam Valley, viewing these actions as attempts to unilaterally change the status of the region. India has consistently protested against such developments, asserting its claim over the territory.

The correct answer is: a) Only 1 and 2 are correct.

Explanation:

1. Indian Economy is an Underdeveloped Economy.

– Evaluation: Correct. India is classified as a developing (or underdeveloped) economy based on various economic indicators such as GDP per capita, industrialization levels, and Human Development Index (HDI) rankings. While India has made significant progress in several sectors, it still faces challenges typical of developing economies, such as poverty, inadequate infrastructure, and unequal income distribution.

2. Indian Economy is a Mixed Economy.

– Evaluation: Correct. India operates under a mixed economic system, where both the private sector and the government play significant roles. This system combines elements of free-market capitalism with government intervention and regulation, allowing for a balance between public and private enterprise to facilitate economic growth and development.

3. J.M. Keynes is the Father of Economics.

– Evaluation: Incorrect. While John Maynard Keynes is a highly influential economist known for Keynesian Economics, the title “Father of Economics” is typically attributed to Adam Smith. Adam Smith laid the foundational principles of modern economics with his seminal work, “The Wealth of Nations.”

Correct Answer: a) Only 1 and 2 are correct.

Correct Answer: c) ROM

Explanation:

– ROM (Read-Only Memory) is a type of non-volatile memory, meaning it retains its data even when the power is turned off. It is used to store firmware or permanent instructions that are essential for the computer’s operation, such as the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System).

– RAM (Random Access Memory), on the other hand, is volatile memory, which means it loses all its data when the power is turned off. RAM is used for temporary storage of data and instructions that the CPU needs while performing tasks.

– REM is not a valid term in the context of computer memory.

– None of the above is incorrect because ROM is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: c) °F = 9/5 °C + 32

Explanation:
The relationship between Fahrenheit (°F) and Celsius (°C) is derived from their respective temperature scales. The formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit is:

°F = (9/5 × °C) + 32

This means that to convert a temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit, you multiply the Celsius temperature by 9/5 and then add 32. This formula is based on the fact that the freezing point of water is 0°C (32°F) and the boiling point of water is 100°C (212°F), with a proportional relationship between the two scales.

Correct Answer: c) °F = 9/5 °C + 32

Correct Answer: b) Nucleus of a cell does not play a role in cellular reproduction.

Explanation:

1. Option a: Chromosomes are composed of DNA and Protein.

– This statement is true. Chromosomes are made up of DNA, which carries genetic information, and proteins (mainly histones), which help in the packaging and organization of DNA.

2. Option b: Nucleus of a cell does not play a role in cellular reproduction.

– This statement is false. The nucleus plays a crucial role in cellular reproduction as it contains the genetic material (DNA) that is replicated and distributed to daughter cells during cell division (mitosis or meiosis). The nucleus is central to controlling and coordinating the process of reproduction.

3. Option c: Chromosomes contain information for inheritance.

– This statement is true. Chromosomes carry genes, which are the units of inheritance. These genes determine the traits that are passed from one generation to the next.

4. Option d: Functional segment of DNA is called genes.

– This statement is true. Genes are specific sequences of DNA that code for proteins or functional RNA molecules, and they are the functional units of heredity.

Thus, the incorrect statement is b) Nucleus of a cell does not play a role in cellular reproduction.