Explanation:

Swavalambini is a women-focused entrepreneurship programme for the North-East launched by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE), implemented through its Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship (IIE), Guwahati. It is not a Ministry of Women & Child Development initiative (which focuses on welfare/protection schemes) nor a Ministry of MSME scheme (whose women-centric efforts include TREAD, Udyam Sakhi, Mahila Coir Yojana, etc., but not Swavalambini). Hence, only 1 is correct.

Explanation:

The Treaty of Sugauli (1815–16) ended the Anglo–Nepalese War. By this treaty, Nepal ceded the hill tracts of Kumaon and (most of) Garhwal, including the Dehra Dun, to the British East India Company and accepted a British Resident at Kathmandu.
– Kathmandu (1): Not ceded; it remained Nepal’s capital. Only a British Resident was posted there. Hence incorrect.
– Shimla (2): Not obtained under Sugauli. The Shimla area belonged to small hill states (e.g., Keonthal/Sirmaur) that were restored to their rulers; the British acquired the Shimla ridge later by separate arrangements in the 1820s–30s. Hence incorrect here.
– Ranikhet (3) and Nainital (4): Both lie in Kumaon, which was ceded to the EIC under the treaty; these towns were later developed under British rule. Hence correct.
Therefore, only 3 and 4 are correct.

Explanation:

Mapping of Schedules to subjects:
– 7th Schedule → Union, State and Concurrent lists (legislative subjects)
– 8th Schedule → Languages
– 9th Schedule → Validation of certain Acts/Regulations (laws placed for protection, originally from judicial review; subject to basic structure review post I.R. Coelho, 2007)
– 10th Schedule → Disqualification on ground of defection (anti-defection law)

Therefore: A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2, which matches Option 2.

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Isotopes are atoms of the same element (same atomic number, i.e., same number of protons) but with different mass numbers due to differing numbers of neutrons.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Protium (¹H), Deuterium (²H), and Tritium (³H) are isotopes of hydrogen, not carbon. Common isotopes of carbon are carbon-12 (¹²C), carbon-13 (¹³C), and carbon-14 (¹⁴C).
Hence, only Statement 1 is correct

Explanation:

The Department of Planning is the nodal department for SDG implementation and monitoring in Uttar Pradesh. Through the Directorate of Economics & Statistics and the SDG Coordination Centre, it compiles data aligned to the National Indicator Framework (NIF) and publishes the state’s NIF/SIF progress reports. The Department of Finance focuses on budgeting and fiscal management, not cross-sector SDG indicator tracking. The Department of Education deals with sector-specific outcomes (SDG 4) but does not prepare the overall NIF progress report. Hence, only the Department of Planning prepares the NIF Progress Report in UP.

Explanation:

Exercise ‘KHANJAR’ is the bilateral Special Forces exercise between India and Kyrgyzstan. Its 12th edition (KHANJAR-XII) was held in March 2025 with Kyrgyzstan.
Why others are incorrect:
– Russia: India–Russia conduct the ‘INDRA’ series, not ‘KHANJAR’.
– Turkmenistan: There is no India–Turkmenistan exercise named ‘KHANJAR’.
– Mongolia: India–Mongolia conduct ‘Nomadic Elephant’ (and Mongolia hosts the multilateral ‘Khan Quest’), not ‘KHANJAR’.
Hence, only Kyrgyzstan fits.

Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect: The ISA is indeed the first treaty-based intergovernmental organization headquartered in India (Gurugram). However, the membership figure “38” is wrong. ISA membership is much higher (100+ signatories and 80+ ratifications in recent years), and the number is dynamic. Since the statement clubs both facts, the incorrect member count makes the entire statement false.

Statement 2 is correct: The World Solar Bank (also referred to as a Global/World Solar Bank) was proposed under the aegis of the ISA to mobilize finance for solar projects across member countries. The One Sun One World One Grid (OSOWOG) initiative—launched as the Green Grids Initiative–OSOWOG at COP26 by India and the UK—is being advanced with the ISA as a key platform/secretariat and implementing partner; thus it is taken forward under the ISA’s umbrella.

Explanation:

Correct mapping:
– A. Gurumahisani → Odisha (3): Located in Mayurbhanj district; one of the earliest iron-ore mining sites developed by TISCO.
– B. Bailadila → Chhattisgarh (4): Major NMDC iron-ore deposits in Dantewada (Bastar region).
– C. Noamundi → Jharkhand (1): In West Singhbhum; a key Tata Steel captive mine.
– D. Kudremukh → Karnataka (2): In Chikkamagaluru district; operated by KIOCL.

Thus, Option 4 (A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2) is correct.

Explanation:

The International Booker Prize is jointly awarded to the book’s author and its English translator. In 2025, Banu Mushtaq and Deepa Bhasthi were named as co-winners (author–translator pair) for the prize; hence both 1 and 2 are correct. Sanjay Chauhan is a Hindi film screenwriter who passed away in 2023 and had no association with the 2025 International Booker, so 3 is incorrect. Therefore, the correct option is 1 (1 and 2).

Explanation:

Kudankulam is in Tamil Nadu (Tirunelveli) → 2; Kakrapar is in Gujarat (near Surat) → 4; Kaiga is in Karnataka (Uttara Kannada) → 1; Rawatbhata (RAPS, near Kota) is in Rajasthan → 3.

Therefore A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3.