Correct Answer: d) Both 1 and 2

Explanation:

1. Strategic Importance: Shaksgam Valley is indeed considered a strategic region, as it is part of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) and has significant military and geopolitical implications due to its proximity to the Siachen Glacier and the ongoing territorial disputes between India, Pakistan, and China. The valley was ceded by Pakistan to China in a 1963 agreement, which India does not recognize.

2. India’s Protests: India has expressed concerns over Chinese infrastructure developments in Shaksgam Valley, viewing these actions as attempts to unilaterally change the status of the region. India has consistently protested against such developments, asserting its claim over the territory.

The correct answer is: a) Only 1 and 2 are correct.

Explanation:

1. Indian Economy is an Underdeveloped Economy.

– Evaluation: Correct. India is classified as a developing (or underdeveloped) economy based on various economic indicators such as GDP per capita, industrialization levels, and Human Development Index (HDI) rankings. While India has made significant progress in several sectors, it still faces challenges typical of developing economies, such as poverty, inadequate infrastructure, and unequal income distribution.

2. Indian Economy is a Mixed Economy.

– Evaluation: Correct. India operates under a mixed economic system, where both the private sector and the government play significant roles. This system combines elements of free-market capitalism with government intervention and regulation, allowing for a balance between public and private enterprise to facilitate economic growth and development.

3. J.M. Keynes is the Father of Economics.

– Evaluation: Incorrect. While John Maynard Keynes is a highly influential economist known for Keynesian Economics, the title “Father of Economics” is typically attributed to Adam Smith. Adam Smith laid the foundational principles of modern economics with his seminal work, “The Wealth of Nations.”

Correct Answer: a) Only 1 and 2 are correct.

Correct Answer: c) ROM

Explanation:

– ROM (Read-Only Memory) is a type of non-volatile memory, meaning it retains its data even when the power is turned off. It is used to store firmware or permanent instructions that are essential for the computer’s operation, such as the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System).

– RAM (Random Access Memory), on the other hand, is volatile memory, which means it loses all its data when the power is turned off. RAM is used for temporary storage of data and instructions that the CPU needs while performing tasks.

– REM is not a valid term in the context of computer memory.

– None of the above is incorrect because ROM is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: c) °F = 9/5 °C + 32

Explanation:
The relationship between Fahrenheit (°F) and Celsius (°C) is derived from their respective temperature scales. The formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit is:

°F = (9/5 × °C) + 32

This means that to convert a temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit, you multiply the Celsius temperature by 9/5 and then add 32. This formula is based on the fact that the freezing point of water is 0°C (32°F) and the boiling point of water is 100°C (212°F), with a proportional relationship between the two scales.

Correct Answer: c) °F = 9/5 °C + 32

Correct Answer: b) Nucleus of a cell does not play a role in cellular reproduction.

Explanation:

1. Option a: Chromosomes are composed of DNA and Protein.

– This statement is true. Chromosomes are made up of DNA, which carries genetic information, and proteins (mainly histones), which help in the packaging and organization of DNA.

2. Option b: Nucleus of a cell does not play a role in cellular reproduction.

– This statement is false. The nucleus plays a crucial role in cellular reproduction as it contains the genetic material (DNA) that is replicated and distributed to daughter cells during cell division (mitosis or meiosis). The nucleus is central to controlling and coordinating the process of reproduction.

3. Option c: Chromosomes contain information for inheritance.

– This statement is true. Chromosomes carry genes, which are the units of inheritance. These genes determine the traits that are passed from one generation to the next.

4. Option d: Functional segment of DNA is called genes.

– This statement is true. Genes are specific sequences of DNA that code for proteins or functional RNA molecules, and they are the functional units of heredity.

Thus, the incorrect statement is b) Nucleus of a cell does not play a role in cellular reproduction.

Answer: c) Only 1

Explanation:

1. Statement 1: “In this meeting, Indonesia agreed to enhance collaboration in the areas of defence, industry, maritime security, and multilateral cooperation.”

– This statement is correct. During the 7th India-Indonesia Joint Defence Cooperation Committee (JDCC) meeting, both sides agreed to enhance collaboration in the areas of defence industry, maritime security, and multilateral cooperation.

2. Statement 2: “This meeting was held in Jakarta on May 5, 2024.”

– This statement is incorrect. The meeting was held in New Delhi on May 3, 2024.  It was not held in Jakarta, nor was it on May 5, 2024.

Conclusion: Since only Statement 1 is correct, the correct answer is c) Only 1.

Correct Answer: b) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Explanation:

1. Primary Contributors to Acid Rain:

– Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂):

– Sources: Combustion of fossil fuels (like coal and oil), volcanic eruptions, and certain industrial processes.
– Chemical Reaction: SO₂ reacts with water vapor in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).

– Nitrogen Oxides (NOₓ), Mainly Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂):

– Sources: Vehicle emissions, power plants, and industrial activities.
– Chemical Reaction: NO₂ reacts with water to produce nitric acid (HNO₃).

2. Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) and Its Role:

– Sources: Respiration, combustion of carbon-based fuels, deforestation, and various industrial activities.
– Chemical Reaction: CO₂ dissolves in water to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃).
– Impact: While carbonic acid does contribute to the acidity of rainwater, it is a weak acid and has a negligible effect on the overall acidity compared to sulfuric and nitric acids. Consequently, CO₂ is not considered a primary cause of acid rain.

Analyzing the Given Statements

1. Assertion (A): “CO₂, SO₂, and NO₂ gases get dissolved in rainwater and produce acid rain.”

– Accuracy: Incorrect. While SO₂ and NO₂ are significant contributors to acid rain, CO₂ plays a minor role and is not a primary cause.

2. Reason (R): “Atmospheric air is polluted due to high concentration of gases like carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen.”

– Accuracy: Correct. The statement accurately identifies CO₂, SO₂, and NOₓ (including NO₂) as major pollutants that contribute to various environmental issues, including pollution and acid rain.

Correct Answer: d) Altering the name of a State – Power of a State Legislature

Explanation:

a) Equality before Law – Guaranteed to both citizens and non-citizens

This is correct. Article 14 of the Indian Constitution guarantees “Equality before the law” and “Equal protection of the laws” to all persons within the territory of India, irrespective of whether they are citizens or non-citizens.

b) Equality of opportunity in public employment – Guaranteed only to Indian citizens

This is correct. Article 16 of the Indian Constitution provides for equality of opportunity in matters of public employment, but it is specifically guaranteed only to Indian citizens.

c) Creating a new State – Power of Parliament

This is correct. Article 3 of the Indian Constitution empowers the Parliament to create a new state by passing a law. The process involves consultation with the concerned State Legislature, but the final authority lies with the Parliament.

d) Altering the name of a State – Power of a State Legislature

This is incorrect. The power to alter the name of a state lies with the Parliament, not the State Legislature. As per Article 3, the Parliament can alter the name of a state through legislation, after consulting the concerned State Legislature. However, the consultation is not binding on Parliament.

Conclusion: Option d is not correctly matched, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: a) 2 and 3

Explanation:

The “Right against Exploitation” is enshrined in Articles 23 and 24 of the Indian Constitution. It aims to protect individuals from exploitation in various forms. Let us analyze the options:

1. Abolition of untouchability: This is covered under Article 17, which is part of the “Right to Equality,” not the “Right against Exploitation.” Hence, this is not relevant here.

2. Prohibition of human trafficking and forced labour: This is explicitly mentioned under Article 23, which prohibits human trafficking, begar (forced labour), and other similar forms of exploitation. This is part of the “Right against Exploitation.”

3. Prohibition of employment of children in factories and mines: This is covered under Article 24, which prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in factories, mines, or any other hazardous employment. This is also part of the “Right against Exploitation.”

4. Protection of interests of minorities: This is covered under Articles 29 and 30, which are part of the “Cultural and Educational Rights,” not the “Right against Exploitation.”

Conclusion: Only statements 2 and 3 are related to the “Right against Exploitation.” Therefore, the correct answer is a) 2 and 3.

Correct Answer: d) Mouse, Keyboard, Scanner

Explanation:

Input devices are hardware components that allow users to provide data and control signals to a computer. Let us analyze the options:

1. Mouse: An input device used to control the pointer on the screen.

2. Keyboard: An input device used to type text and provide commands to the computer.

3. Scanner: An input device used to convert physical documents or images into digital format.

Now, let us examine the other options:

– Option a) Mouse, Keyboard, Printer: A printer is an output device, as it is used to produce physical copies of digital documents.

– Option b) Mouse, Keyboard, Projector: A projector is an output device, as it displays digital content on a larger screen or surface.

– Option c) Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor: A monitor is an output device, as it displays visual output from the computer.