Explanation:

Only C. Sankaran Nair resigned from the Viceroy’s Executive Council in 1919, in protest against the Punjab atrocities, including the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

The others did not: Ishwari Prasad was not a member of the Viceroy’s Executive Council; Sir Muhammad Shafi was a pro-Government leader who later served on the Council (as Education Member, 1920–24) and did not resign; Iqbal Narain Gurtu served much later (in the 1940s) and had no connection with the 1919 events. Hence, only 1.

Explanation:

Chronology (earliest to latest):
– Community Development Programme (CDP) – 1952 (launched on 2 Oct 1952)
– Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP) – 1970–71
– Food for Work Programme (FWP) – 1977–78 (Janata govt.; later subsumed into NREP in 1980)
– TRYSEM (Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment) – 1979

Thus, the correct order is 2, 4, 1, 3.

Explanation:

Pairs asked: NOT correctly matched.
– 1. National Voters’ Day (India) – 25 January: Correct. It marks the foundation day of the Election Commission of India (25 Jan 1950) and aims to encourage voter participation.
– 2. Constitution Day (India) – 27 January: Incorrect. Constitution Day (Samvidhan Divas) is observed on 26 November (adoption of the Constitution in 1949). 26 January is Republic Day (when the Constitution came into effect), not 27 January.
– 3. Human Rights Day (World) – 29 January: Incorrect. Human Rights Day is observed globally on 10 December, commemorating the adoption of the UDHR in 1948.

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The UNDP published the first Human Development Report in 1990, and it introduced the Human Development Index (HDI). The HDI was conceived under the leadership of Mahbub ul Haq with key intellectual contributions from Amartya Sen, and inputs from scholars like Sudhir Anand, Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, and Meghnad Desai.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The HDI was not developed by a team led by Mahbub ul Haq and S. Priesner. S. (Stefan) Priesner is a UN official but is not recognized as a co-lead or architect of the original HDI. The well-documented co-architect is Amartya Sen.

Explanation:

Assertion (A) is true: men and women typically have different voices, most notably in pitch.

Reason (R) is also true: males generally develop longer and thicker vocal cords (vocal folds) at puberty compared to females. Longer, thicker (more massive) vocal cords vibrate more slowly, producing a lower fundamental frequency (pitch), while shorter, thinner cords vibrate faster, producing a higher pitch. Thus, the anatomical difference stated in (R) directly explains the observed difference in voices in (A).

Explanation:

Iron Dome is an Israeli mobile air-defense system developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems with Israel Aerospace Industries, operational since 2011 to intercept short-range rockets and artillery shells. Hence, it belongs to Israel.
– France: Incorrect. France does not operate or own the Iron Dome; it relies on systems like SAMP/T (MAMBA).
– United States of America: Incorrect in the context of “belongs to”. While the U.S. has co-funded development and procured a couple of batteries for evaluation, Iron Dome is an Israeli-origin system and primarily belongs to Israel.
Therefore, Only 3 is correct.

Explanation:

Only 3 (Bharat Nirman Programme) is not related to NEP 2020 objectives.

– ULLAS: ‘Understanding Lifelong Learning for All in Society’ (ULLAS) is the rebranded New India Literacy Programme (2022–27) under MoE to implement NEP 2020’s Adult Education & Lifelong Learning mandate (Section 21). It focuses on adult literacy, basic education, critical life skills, vocational skills, and continuing education—squarely aligned with NEP 2020.
– DIKSHA: The Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing platform supports NEP 2020 by providing digital learning content, teacher professional development, and QR-coded textbooks (also integrated under PM eVIDYA). It directly advances NEP’s technology-in-education goals.
– Bharat Nirman Programme: A 2005 rural infrastructure initiative (roads, housing, irrigation, electrification, telecom, drinking water), not an education scheme and not part of NEP 2020 implementation.

Explanation:

Moonj (wild grass) basketry is the designated ODOP for both Amethi and Sultanpur under Uttar Pradesh’s One District One Product program. Sant Kabir Nagar is mapped to a different product in ODOP, not Moonj.

– Amethi: ODOP — Moonj products (coiled grass baskets, trays, etc.)
– Sultanpur: ODOP — Moonj products
– Sant Kabir Nagar: Not associated with Moonj under ODOP

Hence, among the given districts, Moonj is linked to 1 and 2 only.

Explanation:

Chronology with dates:
– 1856: Acquisition/annexation of Awadh (Oudh) by the British under Lord Dalhousie.
– 1859–60: Indigo Revolt in Bengal (the “Blue Mutiny”).
– 1878–80: Second Anglo-Afghan War.
– 1883–84: Ilbert Bill controversy under Lord Ripon (introduced 1883, compromise 1884).
Therefore, the correct order is 1 → 3 → 4 → 2.

Explanation:

Correct option: Only 1 (Central Bureau of Investigation).

– The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) functions as India’s National Central Bureau (NCB) for INTERPOL. As the nodal agency for international police cooperation in India, CBI developed the ‘BHARATPOL’ portal to streamline and digitize requests from Indian law-enforcement agencies for INTERPOL notices/diffusions and other cross-border policing coordination.