Correct Answer: (A) To have no result; to come to nothing

Explanation:

The idiom “to end in smoke” means that something fails to produce the desired result or comes to nothing. It implies that all efforts or plans have been wasted, and there is no tangible outcome. The other options do not accurately capture the meaning of this idiom.

– (B) “To find out the result in the end” is incorrect because the idiom does not refer to discovering a result.

– (C) “To come to an end” is incorrect because it does not convey the sense of failure or futility inherent in the idiom.

– (D) “To find out the smoke” is incorrect and nonsensical in this context.

Thus, the correct answer is (A).

The correct answer is: (B) I asked him how he knew that.

Explanation:

The original sentence is in direct speech, and the question is asking for its indirect form.

1. The reporting verb “said to” changes to “asked” because the sentence is a question.

2. The question word “How” remains unchanged in indirect speech.

3. The pronoun “you” changes to “he” to match the subject of the reporting clause (“him”).

4. The verb “do know” changes to “knew” to reflect the backshifting of tense in indirect speech.

Thus, the correct indirect form is: “I asked him how he knew that.”

The correct answer is: (C) 2, 4, 1, 3

Explanation:

To mend a puncture in a cycle tube, the steps should be followed in a logical sequence:

1. Step 2: First, remove the tyre and tube from the cycle and dip the tube in water to locate the puncture. The air escaping from the puncture will create bubbles, helping you identify the exact spot.

2. Step 4: Once the puncture is located, mark the spot and apply the puncture mending material (usually a rubber adhesive and a patch).

3. Step 1: Wait for the adhesive or material to dry properly to ensure a strong bond.

4. Step 3: Finally, fix the tyre and tube back onto the cycle.

The correct answer is: (C) Adapt

Explanation:

The sentence is referring to adjusting or modifying oneself to fit the circumstances. The correct word for this context is “adapt,” which means to adjust or become accustomed to new conditions.

Here’s the meaning of the options for clarity:

1. Adept: Means skilled or proficient at something (e.g., “She is adept at painting”).

2. Adopt: Means to take up, accept, or start using something (e.g., “They decided to adopt a new policy”).

3. Adapt: Means to adjust or modify to suit new conditions (e.g., “We adapt ourselves to the circumstances”).

Thus, the correct sentence is: “We adapt ourselves to the circumstances.”

Q1. What should be the outcome of leadership actions?

Correct Answer: (C) Movement towards common vision of the leader and the followers.

Explanation: The passage emphasizes that leadership involves influencing people to bring about change towards a desirable future. This change is not dictated solely by the leader but reflects the shared purpose and vision of both leaders and followers. Hence, the correct answer is (C).

Q2. Find the synonym for the word ‘traditions’ in the above passage.

Correct Answer: (D) Lore

Explanation: The passage uses the term “leadership lore” to describe the body of knowledge, traditions, and practices associated with leadership. “Lore” is synonymous with traditions in this context, as it refers to accumulated knowledge or customs passed down over time.

Q3. What is the main theme of this passage?

Correct Answer: (A) Explanation of leadership construct

Explanation: The passage primarily focuses on explaining the concept of leadership, its multidirectional influence, and its role in creating change based on a shared vision. It does not discuss politics, followers specifically, or the future of a country. Therefore, the main theme is an explanation of the leadership construct.

Q4. The concept of leadership discussed in this passage is:

Correct Answer: (C) Horizontal

Explanation: The passage describes leadership as a multidirectional influence where both leaders and followers impact each other. This indicates a horizontal or collaborative approach to leadership, rather than a vertical/top-down or individualistic model.

Q5. “Leadership studies is an emerging discipline” means:

Correct Answer: (B) Leadership studies is an evolving domain of scholarship.

Explanation: The phrase “emerging discipline” suggests that leadership studies is still developing and evolving as a field of study. It is not yet fully established or elaborate, but it is a valid and growing area of research. Hence, the correct answer is (B).

Correct Answer: (C) Repentance

Explanation:

The italicised word in the sentence is “remorse.” To find its synonym, let’s analyze the options:

(A) Revulsion: This refers to a strong feeling of disgust or repulsion. It is not synonymous with “remorse,” which is about feeling guilt or regret.

(B) Despair: This means a complete loss of hope. While it is a negative emotion, it does not convey the sense of guilt or regret associated with “remorse.”

(C) Repentance: This refers to the act of feeling regret or guilt for one’s wrongdoing and often includes a desire to make amends. It is closely related to “remorse.”

(D) Regret: This means feeling sorrow or disappointment over something that has happened, especially one’s own actions. It is also closely related to “remorse.”

Between (C) and (D), both are valid synonyms, but repentance (C) often implies a deeper, more active sense of guilt and a desire to correct the wrong, while regret (D) is more passive. Since “remorse” aligns more closely with the emotional depth of repentance, the best synonym is:

Correct Answer: (C) Repentance

The correct answer is: (A) By whom has the tree been cut?

Explanation:

To convert an active voice question into passive voice, the following steps are followed:

1. Identify the object in the active sentence: In the given sentence, “the tree” is the object.

2. Bring the object to the beginning of the sentence: In the passive voice, “the tree” becomes the subject.

3. Use the correct form of the verb “to be”: Since the active sentence uses the present perfect tense (“has cut”), the passive voice will use “has been” + past participle of the verb.

4. Rephrase the question: The question word “Who” changes to “By whom” in the passive voice.

Thus, “Who has cut the tree?” becomes “By whom has the tree been cut?”

Why other options are incorrect:

– (B) By whom was the tree cut by?: This is grammatically incorrect because “by” is repeated unnecessarily.

– (C) Who has the tree been cut?: This is grammatically incorrect and does not follow proper sentence structure.

– (D) By whom was the tree cut?: This uses the past tense (“was”) instead of the present perfect tense (“has been”), so it does not match the original sentence.

Hence, the correct answer is (A).