Q. Differentiate the causes of landslides in the Himalayan region and Western Ghats.

Model Answer: 

Landslides are a significant hazard in mountainous regions such as the Himalayas and the Western Ghats. While both regions are susceptible to landslides, the causes of landslides differ due to their unique geological and environmental characteristics.

Causes of Landslides in the Himalayan Region

The Himalayan region is prone to landslides due to its geological and environmental characteristics, including:

• Tectonic Activity
  The Himalayas are located in an active tectonic zone, and the movement of tectonic plates can cause landslides.
• Steep Slopes
  The Himalayas are characterized by steep slopes, which are prone to landslides due to gravity and erosion.
• Monsoon Rains
  The Himalayan region experiences heavy monsoon rains, which can trigger landslides due to soil saturation and increased water pressure.
• Glacial Meltwater
  The Himalayas are home to several glaciers, and the melting of glacial ice can cause landslides due to increased water pressure and erosion.

Causes of Landslides in the Western Ghats

The Western Ghats are also prone to landslides due to their unique geological and environmental characteristics, including:

• Heavy Rainfall
  The Western Ghats experience heavy rainfall during the monsoon season, which can cause landslides due to soil saturation and increased water pressure.
• Soil Erosion
  The Western Ghats are characterized by steep slopes, which are prone to soil erosion, leading to landslides.
• Deforestation
  Deforestation in the Western Ghats has led to soil erosion and instability, increasing the likelihood of landslides.
• Human Activities
  Human activities such as mining, quarrying, and construction can destabilize slopes, increasing the likelihood of landslides.

Conclusion
Landslides are a significant hazard in both the Himalayan region and the Western Ghats. While the causes of landslides differ in these regions, both are susceptible to landslides due to their unique geological and environmental characteristics. It is essential to take necessary measures to mitigate the risk of landslides and protect human life and property.