Q. Do you think marriage as a sacrament is loosing its value in Modern India?

Model Answer: 

Marriage in Modern India: Changing Perceptions

Marriage as a sacrament, or ‘vivaha samskara’, has been a cornerstone of Indian society for millennia, viewed as a sacred union not just between two individuals but also their families and communities. However, in Modern India, this traditional conception is undergoing significant transformation, influenced by various socio-economic factors and changing cultural paradigms.

The sacramental aspect of marriage in India has historically encompassed religious rituals, social obligations, and the idea of an eternal, indissoluble bond. This view has been integral to the fabric of Indian society, shaping family structures, social hierarchies, and individual identities. However, the rapid modernization and globalization of India have begun to challenge these traditional notions.

Several factors contribute to the changing perception of marriage in contemporary India:

1. Urbanization and Globalization: The shift towards urban living and exposure to global cultures have introduced alternative perspectives on relationships and personal freedom.

2. Economic Factors: Rising economic independence, particularly among women, has led to a reevaluation of marriage as a necessary social institution.

3. Education and Career Focus: Increased emphasis on higher education and career advancement has resulted in delayed marriages and a shift in priorities.

4. Changing Gender Roles: The evolving status of women in society has challenged traditional marital dynamics and expectations.

5. Legal Framework: Progressive laws like the Special Marriage Act have provided alternatives to religious marriages, emphasizing the contractual nature of the union.

These factors have contributed to several observable trends:

1. Increasing Divorce Rates: While still low compared to Western countries, divorce rates in India are rising, especially in urban areas.

2. Inter-caste and Inter-religious Marriages: There’s a growing acceptance of marriages outside traditional boundaries, challenging the idea of marriage as a community affair.

3. Live-in Relationships: Urban youth are increasingly opting for cohabitation without marriage, a concept alien to traditional Indian society.

4. Late Marriages: The average age of marriage is increasing, with many prioritizing personal and professional growth over early marriage.

However, it would be an oversimplification to state that marriage as a sacrament has entirely lost its value in Modern India. The change is neither uniform nor complete. Rural areas and certain communities continue to adhere strongly to traditional views. Even in urban settings, many couples choose to blend modern ideals with traditional practices, creating a unique synthesis.

In conclusion, while marriage as a sacrament is undoubtedly evolving in Modern India, it would be more accurate to say that its interpretation and application are changing rather than losing value entirely. The institution of marriage in India is in a state of transition, reflecting the country’s broader journey of negotiating between tradition and modernity.