Q. Examine the role of ‘Gig Economy’ in the process of empowerment of women in India.

Model Answer: 

Gig Economy and Women’s Empowerment in India

The gig economy, characterized by short-term contracts and freelance work, has emerged as a significant factor in women’s empowerment in India. This phenomenon offers both opportunities and challenges for women seeking economic independence and professional growth.

Positive impacts on women’s empowerment:

• Flexibility: Allows women to balance work with family responsibilities
• Lower entry barriers: Enables participation without formal qualifications
• Skill development: Provides opportunities to learn new technologies and market skills
• Financial independence: Offers avenues for additional or primary income
• Entrepreneurship: Encourages women to start small businesses (e.g., home-based food services)

Challenges:

• Job insecurity: Lack of stable income and benefits
• Exploitation risks: Absence of formal worker protections
• Digital divide: Limited access to technology in rural areas
• Work-life balance: Blurred boundaries between personal and professional life

The gig economy has particularly benefited women in sectors such as:

• E-commerce (online sellers)
• Transportation (ride-sharing services)
• Professional services (freelance writers, designers)
• Domestic services (on-demand housekeeping)

Government initiatives supporting women in the gig economy include:

• Digital literacy programs
• Skill development schemes
• Microcredit facilities for small businesses

However, there’s a need for:
• Stronger labor laws to protect gig workers
• Social security measures for freelancers
• Policies to bridge the urban-rural digital divide

Conclusion: The gig economy offers significant potential for women’s empowerment in India, but requires balanced policies to maximize benefits and minimize risks.