Q. What do you understand by decentralisation of power? What is its role in strengthening the roots of democracy in India? Elaborate.

Model Answer:

Decentralization of power refers to the transfer of decision-making authority, resources, and responsibilities from central government to local or regional levels. In India, this process involves empowering Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and municipalities to govern local affairs.

The role of decentralization in strengthening Indian democracy can be elaborated as follows:

1. Grassroots participation: Decentralization enables direct citizen involvement in governance. The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments institutionalized local self-governance, aligning with Mahatma Gandhi’s vision of “Gram Swaraj” (village self-rule).

2. Effective governance: Local bodies can better identify and address community needs. For example, Gram Panchayats manage local resources and implement development programs, impacting education, healthcare, and infrastructure at the grassroots level.

3. Social justice and empowerment: Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and women in local bodies ensures representation of marginalized groups. Feminist sociologists note how women’s involvement in PRIs challenges traditional gender roles.

4. Functionalist perspective: Decentralization contributes to social stability and integration by distributing power and responsibilities. This aligns with Durkheim’s concept of collective conscience, fostering community solidarity.

5. Accountability: Local leaders are more accessible to the public, promoting transparency and responsiveness in governance.

6. Capacity building: Local governance serves as a training ground for developing political leadership and democratic skills.

7. Resource allocation: Decentralization allows for more efficient and targeted allocation of resources based on local needs and priorities.

However, challenges such as inadequate financial devolution, limited administrative capacity, and political interference can hinder the effectiveness of decentralized institutions. Addressing these issues is crucial for realizing the full potential of decentralization in India.