Q. Life doesn’t make any sense without interdependence. We need each other, and the sooner we learn that, it is better for us all.” -Erik Erikson
Question from UPSC Mains 2021 GS4 Paper
Model Answer:
Erik Erikson’s quote critiques hyper-individualism, emphasizing that human survival, moral progress, and psychological fulfillment are fundamentally rooted in mutual reliance.
1. Ethical Significance of Interdependence
- Ontological Reality: Human identity is shaped through community ties, reflecting the African Ubuntu philosophy (“I am because we are”).
- Building Social Capital: Trust and reciprocal cooperation form the bedrock of functional societies (e.g., Kudumbashree mutual-aid groups).
- Communitarian Ethics: True liberty and social justice are realized through reciprocal duties, not isolated individualism.
- Psychological Well-being: Empathy and compassion flourish only when humans actively acknowledge their shared vulnerabilities.

2. Contemporary Imperatives for Collective Action
- Global Crises Resolution: Transnational threats like pandemics and climate change mandate borderless cooperation (e.g., Vaccine Maitri).
- Economic Equity: Recognizing interdependent labor and supply chains fosters inclusive growth and corporate social responsibility.
- Ecological Harmony: Shifting from exploitative anthropocentrism to eco-centrism acknowledges human reliance on biodiversity for survival.
- Combating Alienation: Rebuilding grassroots community networks counters the modern “loneliness epidemic” driven by digital silos.
Internalizing Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (the world is one family) is no longer just a lofty moral ideal, but an urgent survival imperative.




