Q. Write short notes on the following in 30 words each :
(i) Constitutional morality
(ii) Conflict of interest
(iii) Probity in public life
(iv) Challenges of digitalization
(v) Devotion to duty

Model Answer: 

Foundational ethical concepts guide civil servants in resolving contemporary dilemmas, ensuring transparent, citizen-centric, and constitutionally sound governance.

1. Key Concepts in Public Service Ethics

• (i) Constitutional Morality: Upholding core constitutional values (equality, liberty, justice) above majoritarian views or societal prejudices, acting as an ethical compass (e.g., Navtej Singh Johar case).
• (ii) Conflict of Interest: A scenario where a public official’s personal or financial interests clash with official duties, compromising objective decision-making (e.g., ICICI-Videocon case).
• (iii) Probity in Public Life: Strict adherence to the highest standards of integrity, uprightness, and transparency in administration, extending beyond mere financial honesty (e.g., Nolan Committee principles).
• (iv) Challenges of Digitalization: Ethical and administrative hurdles arising from rapid technology adoption, including the digital divide, data privacy breaches, and algorithmic bias (e.g., welfare exclusion due to biometric failures).
• (v) Devotion to Duty: Unwavering commitment and perseverance in executing public responsibilities diligently, consistently prioritizing public welfare over personal convenience (e.g., T.N. Seshan’s electoral reforms).

Internalizing these core public service values ensures resilient institutions, effectively mitigates administrative dilemmas, and fosters enduring public trust for inclusive nation-building.