Q. Industrial pollution of river water is a significant environmental issue in India. Discuss the various mitigation measures to deal with this problem and also the government’s initiatives in this regard.

Model Answer:

Industrial pollution of river water

Industrial pollution of river water is a critical environmental challenge in India, threatening ecosystems and public health. Addressing this issue requires a multi-faceted approach combining various mitigation measures and government initiatives.

Mitigation Measures:

• Technological Solutions: Implementation of advanced effluent treatment plants and adoption of cleaner production technologies to reduce pollutant discharge at source.

• Regulatory Measures: Enforcement of stricter emission standards and regular monitoring of industrial effluents to ensure compliance.

• Economic Instruments: Application of the polluter pays principle and provision of incentives for industries adopting clean technologies, encouraging responsible environmental practices.

• Waste Management: Promotion of efficient waste management systems and recycling initiatives to minimize industrial waste entering river systems.

• Public-Private Partnerships: Collaboration between government, industries, and civil society to develop and implement effective pollution control strategies.

Government Initiatives:

• National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG): A comprehensive program aimed at abating pollution and rejuvenating the Ganga river ecosystem.

• Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) Policy: Mandating industries to treat and reuse their wastewater, significantly reducing river pollution.

• Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs): Establishment of shared facilities for small and medium enterprises to treat their effluents collectively.

• Legislative Framework: Enforcement of the Environmental (Protection) Act and Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act to regulate industrial activities and protect water bodies.

• National Green Tribunal (NGT): Empowering this specialized body to handle environmental disputes and enforce regulations effectively.

Conclusion: Combating industrial river pollution requires synergy between robust mitigation measures and proactive government initiatives, ensuring sustainable industrial development and environmental protection.