Explanation : 

1. It is an omnivorous crustacean.
   Incorrect. The Peacock tarantula (Poecilotheria metallica) is an arachnid, specifically a spider, not a crustacean. Crustaceans include animals like crabs, lobsters, and shrimp. Furthermore, tarantulas are carnivorous, meaning they primarily eat other animals (insects, small rodents, etc.), not plants and animals (omnivorous).
2. Its natural habitat in India is only limited to some forest areas.
   Correct. The Peacock tarantula is critically endangered and has a very restricted natural habitat. It is endemic to a small, specific forest area in the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India. Its known range is extremely limited to a small reserve forest.
3. In its natural habitat, it is an arboreal species.
   Correct. “Arboreal” means living in trees. The Peacock tarantula is known to live in tree holes and crevices in its natural forest habitat, making it an arboreal species.

Explanation : 

Direct Air Capture (DAC)

Direct Air Capture (DAC) pulls CO₂ straight from ambient air using chemical sorbents or solvents.

I. True – Once captured, the CO₂ can be sequestered underground (geological storage) or mineralized, making DAC a carbon-removal technology.

II. True – The purified CO₂ stream can serve as a feedstock for making polymers (e.g. polyurethanes, polycarbonates) and in food-processing (carbonation, modified-atmosphere packaging, microbial fermentations).

III. True – Captured CO₂ can be combined with green hydrogen (from renewables) in Fischer–Tropsch or related processes to produce synthetic “e-fuels,” including drop-in aviation fuels.

Explanation : 

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

Asian Development Bank (ADB) launched the “Nature Solutions Finance Hub for Asia and the Pacific” to support countries in the region in mobilizing finance for nature-based solutions. This initiative aims to address climate change, biodiversity loss, and environmental degradation by promoting sustainable investments and projects that leverage natural ecosystems.

Explanation : 

Article 6 of the Paris Agreement

Article 6 of the Paris Agreement is the only place in the Agreement that lays out rules for Parties to “cooperate” in meeting their Nationally Determined Contributions – and it does so in two complementary ways:

1. Market-based cooperation (Articles 6.2 & 6.4) – Establishes the framework for the internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs) and the new “Sustainable Development Mechanism,” i.e. a UN-supervised carbon-market mechanism. – ⇒ Statement II.

2. Non-market approaches (Article 6.8) – Encourages Parties to work together on mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology transfer and capacity building without creating tradeable credits – i.e. “non-market” forms of cooperation across borders. – ⇒ Statement III

Because both the market and the non-market strands of Article 6 are debated (they underpin the only mechanisms in the Paris text for cooperative implementation), Statements II and III are both correct—and together they explain why Article 6 is so frequently discussed (Statement I).

Correct : https://unfccc.int/process/the-paris-agreement/cooperative-implementation

Explanation : 

– Statement II is correct: powerful solar flares and coronal-mass ejections do indeed slam into and energize Earth’s outer atmosphere (the thermosphere and magnetosphere).

– Statement III is correct: as polar ice melts, the freed water mass is redistributed toward lower latitudes (i.e. toward the equator), altering the planet’s moment of inertia.

Only Statement III provides a mechanism for the observed change in Earth’s rotation‐axis and length‐of‐day (mass moving away from the poles slows Earth’s spin and shifts the instantaneous pole).

Solar storms, although energetic, have only a negligible net effect on the solid‐Earth rotation. Hence both II and III are true, but only III explains Statement I.

Explanation : 

COP28 Declaration on Climate and Health

Statement I –  India, along with the United States, did not sign the COP28 Declaration on Climate and Health.

Statement II – The COP28 Declaration on Climate and Health is a non-binding, non-negotiated call to action and collective commitment that reflects the concerns and common position of countries on the importance of health within climate discourse and in the COP process. It begins to articulate how climate-health is defined and how parties come together to address the urgent need for integrating climate and health.

Statement III – India, a nation grappling with significant healthcare challenges, including those exacerbated by climate change, expressed concerns that greenhouse gas reduction for cooling in the health sector could hinder its ability to meet the growing demands for medical services, particularly in remote and underserved areas, a delegate from Kenya said.

Explanation : 

Statement I is true – cement manufacture is responsible for roughly 5–7 % of global CO₂ emissions.

Statement II is true – Portland‐cement “raw meal” is typically made by grinding together about 80 % limestone (CaCO₃) with 20 % silica-bearing clays and other minor additives.

Statement III is true – in the kiln the limestone is calcined: CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂↑

Of the two, only Statement III explains the CO₂ emissions in Statement I (the chemical decomposition of CaCO₃ releases CO₂). Statement II describes the raw‐material blend but does not itself generate CO₂. Hence both II and III are correct, but only III explains I.

Explanation : 

Statement II is true – activated carbon has a highly porous structure (surface areas up to 1 000–2 000 m²/g) that makes it an excellent adsorbent for heavy‐metal ions and other dissolved pollutants. Statement III is also true – one can prepare activated carbon cheaply by pyrolyzing and activating high‐carbon wastes (coconut shells, nutshells, sawdust, sewage sludge, etc.).

Together, (II) explains why activated carbon is so effective at removing contaminants (its huge surface area and affinity for metals), and (III) explains why it is an attractive (i.e. low‐cost, sustainable) tool, thus both support Statement I.

Explanation : 

Statement I is false – Viruses are abundant in ocean waters, especially bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria). Marine viruses are known to be extremely numerous and play a significant role in marine ecosystems.

Statement II is false – bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect bacteria.

Statement III is false – many viruses (e.g. herpesviruses, retroviruses) encode proteins or RNAs that reprogram host‐cell transcription.

Explanation : 

The correct answer is (d) – all three statements are true.

1. Monoclonal antibodies are indeed “man-made” (i.e. laboratory-produced) proteins: ‑ Starting from a single immune B-cell clone, they are engineered (often in mice, humanized or fully human cell-lines) to yield a homogeneous population of identical antibody molecules.

2. Their key feature is high specificity: ‑ Each monoclonal antibody binds a single, unique epitope on its target antigen. ‑ By occupying that epitope, they can block receptor–ligand interactions or flag the antigen for destruction by other immune cells, thereby modulating immune function.

3. They are used (and are in development) against several viral infections, including Nipah: ‑ Examples already in clinical use include palivizumab for RSV, REGN-EB3 (Inmazeb) for Ebola, various mAbs for COVID-19. ‑ For Nipah virus, the mAb known as m102.4 has been given on a compassionate-use basis in outbreaks and is in clinical trials.