Q. Elucidate the relationship between globalization and new technology in a world of scarce resources, with special reference to India.

Model Answer:

Globalization, Technology, and Scarce Resources: India’s Perspective

Globalization and new technology are intrinsically linked in today’s world, profoundly impacting resource utilization and distribution. This relationship is particularly significant for developing nations like India, which must balance economic growth with resource constraints.

The interplay between globalization and technology is evident in:

• Enhanced communication (e.g., internet, smartphones)
• Efficient transportation networks (e.g., containerization, air freight)
• Global supply chains (e.g., just-in-time manufacturing)
• Cross-border financial transactions (e.g., digital payments, cryptocurrencies)

These advancements have accelerated the pace of globalization, fostering increased interconnectedness and interdependence among nations. However, this rapid integration has also intensified competition for scarce resources, presenting unique challenges and opportunities.

In the context of scarce resources:

• Technology enables more efficient resource extraction and utilization (e.g., precision agriculture, smart grids)
• Globalization facilitates the transfer of resource-efficient technologies across borders
• Competition for limited resources can lead to geopolitical tensions and price volatility

India, as a major emerging economy, exemplifies the complex dynamics of this relationship:

• The IT sector has propelled India into the global economy, creating jobs and driving innovation
• Technological advancements have improved resource management in areas such as water conservation and renewable energy
• However, rapid industrialization and population growth strain India’s limited resources

India faces unique challenges:

• Balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability
• Addressing the digital divide between urban and rural areas
• Managing the societal impacts of technological disruption in traditional industries

Case studies illustrate these dynamics:

• India’s Green Revolution: Increased agricultural productivity through technology adoption
• Digital India initiative: Leveraging technology for inclusive growth and e-governance

The relationship between globalization, technology, and resource scarcity is reshaping India’s economic landscape, presenting both opportunities and challenges for sustainable development.

Conclusion: Balancing globalization and technological advancement with responsible resource management is crucial for India’s future prosperity and global competitiveness.