Q. What are pressure groups? Discuss their role in decision-making in democracy.
UPSC Sociology 2024 Paper 2
Model Answer:
Pressure Groups
Pressure groups are organized entities that seek to influence government policies or legislation without directly participating in electoral politics. They play a crucial role in democratic decision-making by representing specific interests and bridging the gap between citizens and policymakers.
In India, pressure groups have become increasingly prominent since economic liberalization in the 1990s. Key types include:
1. Business associations (e.g., FICCI, CII): Lobby for industry-friendly policies
2. Trade unions: Advocate for workers’ rights and labor laws
3. Professional bodies (e.g., Bar Council): Represent specific occupational interests
4. Social movements: Champion causes like environmental protection or women’s rights
Pressure groups contribute to democratic decision-making by:
• Articulating interests: They give voice to specific societal segments, ensuring diverse perspectives are considered in policy formulation.
• Providing expertise: Many groups offer specialized knowledge to policymakers, enhancing the quality of legislation.
• Mobilizing public opinion: Through media campaigns and protests, they shape public discourse on key issues.
• Checks and balances: They act as watchdogs, holding the government accountable for its actions.
However, critics argue that well-funded groups may exert disproportionate influence, potentially undermining democratic equality.
Conclusion: Pressure groups are vital to India’s participatory democracy, but their influence must be balanced to ensure equitable representation of all societal interests.
