Q. What is Integrated Farming System ? How is it helpful to small and marginal farmers in India ?
Question from UPSC Mains 2022 GS3 Paper
Model Answer:
Integrated Farming System for Small and Marginal Farmers in India
Integrated Farming System (IFS) is an approach that combines various agricultural activities to maximize productivity, sustainability, and income for farmers. It is particularly relevant to India’s agricultural landscape, dominated by small and marginal farmers.
IFS integrates multiple components:
• Crops (main, inter, sequential)
• Livestock (cattle, poultry, etc.)
• Fishery
• Horticulture
• Agroforestry
The system operates on principles of resource recycling and optimal utilization, creating a symbiotic relationship between components. For example, crop residues feed livestock, while animal waste fertilizes crops.
IFS significantly benefits small and marginal farmers in India:
1. Income diversification: Multiple revenue streams reduce dependence on a single crop or activity, enhancing financial stability. For instance, a farmer might combine rice cultivation with poultry farming.
2. Resource efficiency: Waste from one component becomes input for another, reducing external input costs. Example: using cow dung as biogas feedstock.
3. Risk mitigation: Diversified production buffers against crop failures or market fluctuations.
4. Food and nutritional security: Variety of produce ensures balanced nutrition for farming families.
5. Environmental sustainability: Improved soil health, biodiversity, and reduced chemical use contribute to long-term ecological balance.
Specific IFS models suitable for small farmers include:
• Crop-livestock integration (e.g., paddy-cum-fish-cum-duck)
• Agri-horti-silvipasture systems (e.g., mango orchard with legume intercropping)
• Integrated nutrient management (e.g., vermicomposting)
The Government of India promotes IFS through initiatives like:
• National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
• Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana
• State-specific programs (e.g., Tamil Nadu’s Mission on Sustainable Dryland Agriculture)
These programs provide technical support, subsidies, and training to farmers adopting IFS.
Conclusion: IFS offers a holistic solution for small and marginal farmers, enhancing productivity, sustainability, and resilience in Indian agriculture.
