Q: According to Mead the idea of self develops when the individual becomes self-conscious. Explain.

Model Answer:

Mead’s Theory of Self

George Herbert Mead’s theory on the development of self is a fundamental concept in symbolic interactionism, emphasizing that self-consciousness emerges through social interaction and reflexive thinking. Mead argues that the self is not innate but develops as individuals become aware of themselves as distinct entities within their social environment.

Key aspects of Mead’s theory:

1. Social interaction and language:
– The self emerges through communication and interactions with others
– Language serves as a critical tool for developing self-awareness
– Shared symbols and meanings facilitate self-reflection

2. Role-taking:
– Individuals learn to see themselves from others’ perspectives
– This process, known as “taking the role of the generalized other,” is crucial for self-development
– By imagining how others perceive them, individuals gain self-consciousness

3. The “I” and the “Me”:
– The “I” represents the spontaneous, unpredictable aspect of the self
– The “Me” is the organized set of attitudes and expectations of others that an individual assumes
– The dialogue between “I” and “Me” contributes to self-awareness

4. Stages of self-development:
– Preparatory stage: Imitation without understanding (e.g., a baby mimicking sounds)
– Play stage: Taking on specific roles of others (e.g., playing “doctor”)
– Game stage: Understanding multiple roles simultaneously and the concept of “generalized other”

5. Reflexivity:
– Self-consciousness arises when individuals can reflect on their own thoughts and actions
– This ability allows for self-evaluation and adjustment of behavior based on social norms

Example: A child playing “school” demonstrates the development of self by taking on roles of teacher and student, understanding rules, and imagining how others might perceive their actions. This role-playing helps the child internalize social expectations and develop self-awareness.

Mead’s theory emphasizes that self-consciousness is not a given but a product of social processes. Through interactions, role-taking, and reflexive thinking, individuals develop a sense of self that is both shaped by and responsive to their social environment. This understanding of self-development has profound implications for sociology, psychology, and education, highlighting the importance of social interaction in human development.