Correct Answer: d) a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3

Explanation:
– a) Champaran Satyagraha → Dr. Rajendra Prasad (4): In 1917, Gandhi’s Champaran movement in Bihar saw key support and leadership from Dr. Rajendra Prasad, who assisted in inquiries and organizing peasants.
– b) Azad Dasta → Jayaprakash Narayan (1): During the Quit India Movement (1942), JP Narayan led the underground group “Azad Dasta” operating in Bihar-Nepal border areas.
– c) Individual Satyagraha in Bihar 1940 → Shyam Narayan Singh (2): He is noted as a leading (and among the first) individual satyagrahis from Bihar during the 1940 movement.
– d) Kisan Sabha Bihar → Sahajanand Saraswati (3): Swami Sahajanand Saraswati founded and led the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha, organizing peasants against zamindari exploitation.

Correct Answer: b) Patna Harkara

Explanation:
– Patna Harkara is widely regarded as the first newspaper published from Bihar (mid-19th century).
– Bihar Bandhu came later and is noted as the first Hindi newspaper of Bihar (1872).
– The Behar (Bihar) Herald started later in English (1870s).
– Akhbar‑e‑Bihar appeared after these.

Therefore, among the given options, Patna Harkara was the earliest to be published.

Correct Answer: b) 3-1-2-4

Explanation:
– Battle of Wandiwash (3) – 1760: Decisive British victory over the French in the Third Carnatic War.
– Death sentence to Raja Nand Kumar (1) – 1775: He was tried for forgery and hanged in Calcutta.
– Treaty of Salbai (2) – 1782 (ratified 1783): Ended the First Anglo-Maratha War, establishing peace for about two decades.
– Death of Tipu Sultan (4) – 1799: Killed during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War at Seringapatam.

Thus, the correct chronological order is 3 → 1 → 2 → 4.

Correct Answer: b) Kautilya

Explanation:
– Shilabhadra, Nagarjuna, and Shantirakshit are noted as eminent Acharyas associated with Nalanda.
– Shilabhadra was the abbot of Nalanda and the teacher of the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang.
– Nagarjuna is traditionally counted among Nalanda’s great masters in Buddhist sources.
– Shantirakshit was a renowned Nalanda scholar who later helped establish Buddhism in Tibet.
– Kautilya (Chanakya), author of the Arthashastra, lived in the 4th century BCE and is associated with Takshashila, not Nalanda (which arose much later in the Gupta period).

Correct Answer: b) Only 2 and 3

Explanation:
– Statement 1 is incorrect. Subhas Chandra Bose was elected Congress President at Haripura in 1938. He was re-elected at Tripuri in 1939, not 1938.
– Statement 2 is correct. He escaped from house arrest in January 1941.
– Statement 3 is essentially correct in date and place. On 21 October 1943, Bose proclaimed the Provisional Government of Free India (Azad Hind) in Singapore. Note: it is “Provisional,” not “Provincial.”

Correct Answer: d) Fourth

Explanation:
– 1st Council: Rajagriha (Rajgir), Bihar (under Ajatashatru).
– 2nd Council: Vaishali, Bihar.
– 3rd Council: Pataliputra (Patna), Bihar (under Ashoka).
– 4th Council: Not in Bihar—held in Kashmir under Kanishka (Sarvastivada tradition) or in Sri Lanka (Theravada tradition).

Thus, the only council not held in Bihar is the Fourth.

Correct Answer: b) a-3, b-1, c-4, d-2

Explanation:
– Babur → Kamran (a-3): Mirza Kamran was Babur’s son (and Humayun’s brother).
– Akbar → Salim (b-1): Prince Salim, who later became Emperor Jahangir, was Akbar’s son.
– Shah Jahan → Murad (c-4): Prince Murad Bakhsh was one of Shah Jahan’s sons.
– Jahangir → Khusrau (d-2): Prince Khusrau Mirza was Jahangir’s son.

Correct Answer: c) Person: James Augustus Hicky – Associated with: Calcutta Chronicle

Explanation:
– James Augustus Hicky is famous for launching Hicky’s Bengal Gazette (also called the Original Calcutta General Advertiser) in 1780, the first newspaper in India—not the Calcutta Chronicle. Hence, option (c) is mismatched.
– Ramaswamy Naicker (Periyar) was associated with the Justice Party; he later led it and transformed it into the Dravidar Kazhagam.
– Dayananda Saraswati authored Satyarth Prakash.
– Jyotirao Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873.

Correct Answer: a) a-4, b-1, c-3, d-2

Explanation:
– a) Kabuli Bagh Mosque — Built by Babar (Babur) at Panipat after his victory (4).
– b) Adhai Din Ka Jhopra — Converted into a mosque by Qutb-ud-Din Aibak in Ajmer (1).
– c) Allahabad Fort — Constructed by Akbar at Prayagraj (Allahabad) in 1583 (3).
– d) Itmad-ud-Daulah Mausoleum — Commissioned by Nur Jahan for her father, Mirza Ghiyas Beg, in Agra (2).