Q. Critically analyse India’s evolving diplomatic, economic and strategic relations with the Central Asian Republics (CARs) highlighting their increasing significance in regional and global geopolitics.

Model Answer:

Central Asian Republics (CARs)

India’s engagement with Central Asian Republics (CARs) has evolved significantly, presenting both opportunities and challenges:

• Strategic Shift: The “Connect Central Asia” policy (2012) marked India’s transition from passive to proactive diplomacy. While implementation faces hurdles, it has led to increased high-level exchanges and stronger bilateral ties.

• Energy Cooperation: Agreements like Kazakhstan’s uranium supply and India’s investments in Kazakh oil fields show progress. However, projects like TAPI pipeline face geopolitical challenges, highlighting the need for persistent diplomacy.

• Economic Relations: Trade, though below potential ($2 billion annually), is growing. The International North-South Transport Corridor and Chabahar Port project, despite delays, offer promising alternatives for connectivity.

• Security Collaboration: Joint military exercises (e.g., KAZIND) and counter-terrorism cooperation have strengthened, complementing existing Russia-CAR security frameworks.

• Multilateral Engagement: India’s involvement in SCO alongside its Indo-Pacific initiatives demonstrates a nuanced balancing act, enhancing its strategic position.

• Cultural Diplomacy: Shared historical and cultural ties provide a unique advantage for India, reinforced through initiatives like the India-Central Asia Dialogue.

Challenges and Opportunities:
1. Improving connectivity while navigating regional complexities
2. Balancing relations with Russia and China while expanding India’s influence
3. Leveraging technological and educational partnerships for mutual growth

Conclusion: India’s CAR policy, while facing obstacles, shows potential for significant mutual benefits, requiring sustained, multifaceted engagement to fully realize its strategic vision.