Q. Examine the need for electoral reforms as suggested by various committees with particular reference to “one nation – one election” principle.

Model Answer:

Electoral Reforms

Electoral reforms are crucial for strengthening India’s democratic processes. Various committees have suggested reforms to address challenges in the current electoral system, with a particular focus on the “One Nation – One Election” principle.

Key committees and their reform suggestions:

• Law Commission: Recommended decriminalization of politics and reforms in campaign financing.
• Election Commission: Proposed linking of Aadhaar with voter IDs and introduction of remote voting.
• Dinesh Goswami Committee: Suggested state funding of elections and restrictions on government-sponsored advertisements.
• Tarkunde Committee: Advocated for proportional representation system.

The “One Nation – One Election” principle:

• Concept: Simultaneous elections for Lok Sabha and State Assemblies.
• Advocates: NITI Aayog, Law Commission (170th report), High Level Committee by President
• Potential benefits:
– Significant reduction in electoral expenses
– Minimized policy paralysis due to frequent model code of conduct implementations
– Enhanced governance continuity and administrative efficiency
– Potentially higher voter turnout by reducing election fatigue
• Challenges and criticisms:
– Requires substantial constitutional amendments
– Complex logistical and operational hurdles
– Potential threat to the federal structure and regional autonomy
– Synchronization issues if governments fall mid-term
– Risk of national issues overshadowing state-specific concerns