UPSC GS4 2024

Q. Raman is a senior IPS officer and has recently been posted as D.G. of a state.

Among the various issues and problems/challenges which needed his immediate attention, the issue relating to recruitment of unemployed youth by an unknown terrorist group, was a matter of grave concern. It was noted that unemployment was relatively high in the state. The problem of unemployment amongst graduates and those with higher education was much more grave. Thus they were vulnerable and soft targets.
In the review meeting taken by him with senior officers of DIG Range and above, it came to light that a new terrorist group has emerged at the global level. It has launched a massive drive to recruit young unemployed people. Special focus was to pick young people from a particular community. The said organisation seemed to have the clear objective of utilising/using them for carrying out militant activities. It was also gathered that the said (new) group is desperately trying to spread its tentacles in his state.
A definite/reliable intelligence tip was received by the State CID and Cyber Cell that a large number of such unemployed youth have already been contacted by the terrorist outfit/group through social media and local communal organisations and other contacts. The need of the hour was to act swiftly and to check these elements/designs before they assume serious proportions.
Discrete inquiries made by the police, through the Cyber Cell, revealed that good numbers of unemployed youth are very active on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. On an average, many of them were spending 6-8 hours each day, using electronic devices/internet, etc. It also came to light that such unemployed youth were showing sympathy and endorsing the messages received from certain persons, allegedly the contact persons of that global terrorist group. Their social media accounts revealed their strong affinity to such groups inasmuch as many of them started forwarding antinational tweets on their WhatsApp and Facebook, etc. It seemed that they succumbed to their ploy and started propagating secessionist ideology. Their posts were hyper-critical of the government’s nitiatives, policies and subscribing to extreme beliefs and promoting extremism.
a) What are the options available to Raman to tackle the above situation?
b) What measures would you suggest for strengthening the existing set-up to ensure that such groups do not succeed in penetrating and vitiating the atmosphere in the state?
c) In the above scenario, what action plan would you advise for enhancing the intelligence gathering mechanism of the police force?

UPSC Mains 2024 GS4 Ethics Paper

Model Answer:

This case highlights the grave security challenge of targeted radicalization of vulnerable unemployed youth, demanding an approach that balances national security with empathetic rehabilitation.

1. Options Available to Raman

  1. Strict Punitive Action: Mass arrests using UAPA and IT Act.
    • Merit: Immediate deterrence.
    • Demerit: Alienates the community; destroys youth careers.
  2. Passive Surveillance: Monitor accounts without immediate intervention.
    • Merit: Maps the broader terror network.
    • Demerit: Risk of an imminent terror strike.
  3. Blended Approach (Most Optimal): Punitively target terror handlers/recruiters while initiating counseling and de-radicalization for brainwashed youth (e.g., Maharashtra ATS ‘Operation Pigeon’).

2. Measures for Strengthening the Set-Up

  • Counter-Narratives: Engage moderate community and religious leaders to debunk extremist propaganda and persuade youth.
  • Community Policing: Revitalize ‘Mohalla Committees’ and community wardens to build trust and establish an early-warning system.
  • Socio-Economic Interventions: Collaborate with civil administration for localized skill development and employment drives (e.g., J&K’s Udaan scheme).
  • Digital Literacy & Nodal Centers: Launch awareness campaigns in colleges against online grooming and set up Nodal Cyber Cells for rapid response.

3. Action Plan for Intelligence Gathering Mechanism

  • Technological Upgrade (OSINT): Deploy advanced Open Source Intelligence teams to monitor 24×7 social media traffic, flag secessionist content, and block handlers (IT Act, Sec 69A).
  • AI & Big Data Analytics: Establish tech-hubs (e.g., Kerala Police’s Cyberdome) for sentiment analysis and tracking dark-web recruitment trails.
  • Strengthening HUMINT: Deepen Human Intelligence by incentivizing local informants and integrating beat constables with specific communities.
  • Inter-Agency Synergy: Ensure seamless, real-time intelligence sharing with central agencies (IB, NIA) via Multi-Agency Centres (MAC).

Raman must adopt a “Soft on Youth, Hard on Terror” paradigm, integrating technological prowess with compassionate persuasion to neutralize the threat while rehabilitating the vulnerable.

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