Q. What is the technology being employed for electronic toll collection on highways? What are its advantages and limitations? What are the proposed changes that will make this process seamless? Would this transition carry any potential hazards?

Model Answer:

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

Electronic toll collection on Indian highways is transitioning from RFID-based FASTag to a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based tolling system. This new technology uses satellite tracking for a “Pay-as-You-Use” model, where tolls are calculated based on distance traveled.

Advantages of GNSS-based tolling include:
• Seamless, contactless transactions eliminating toll booths
• Reduced congestion and improved traffic flow
• Fairer “Pay-as-You-Use” model
• Decreased revenue leakage and toll evasion

Limitations and challenges:
• High initial investment in infrastructure and On-Board Units (OBUs)
• Interoperability issues with existing systems
• Privacy concerns due to continuous vehicle tracking

Proposed changes for seamless transition:
• Phased rollout with GNSS coexisting alongside FASTag
• Creation of dedicated GNSS lanes at toll plazas
• Global bidding process for GNSS infrastructure
• Full implementation expected by 2025

Potential hazards:
• Technological vulnerabilities (system failures, GPS signal issues)
• Cybersecurity risks and data misuse threats
• Social resistance to adopting new technology

The government aims to address these challenges through careful implementation and robust data protection mechanisms. The transition to GNSS-based tolling aligns with India’s goals of modernizing highway infrastructure and improving efficiency.

Conclusion: GNSS-based tolling promises enhanced efficiency but requires balancing technological advancements with privacy concerns and user adoption challenges.