Q. “Development and welfare schemes for the vulnerable, by its nature, are discriminatory in approach.” Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.
Question from UPSC Mains 2023 GS2 Paper
Model Answer:
Development and Welfare Schemes for the Vulnerable
Development and welfare schemes for vulnerable groups are indeed discriminatory in approach, but this discrimination is positive and necessary to address historical inequalities and promote genuine equity in society. While these schemes may appear to favor certain groups over others, they serve a crucial purpose in uplifting the marginalized and creating a more balanced society.
Arguments supporting the statement:
1. Positive discrimination: These schemes inherently differentiate between various sections of society, providing special benefits to some while excluding others.
2. Exclusion concerns: Non-vulnerable groups may feel left out or unfairly treated, potentially leading to social tension.
3. Dependency risk: There’s a possibility that such schemes might create a culture of dependency among beneficiaries, hindering self-reliance.
Arguments against the statement:
1. Addressing historical inequalities: These schemes are essential to correct long-standing social and economic imbalances that vulnerable groups have faced for generations.
2. Equity vs. Equality: While equality means treating everyone the same, equity recognizes that different groups have different needs and starting points. These schemes promote equity.
3. Constitutional mandate: In India, Article 15(4) of the Constitution explicitly allows for special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes.
4. Inclusive growth: By uplifting vulnerable sections, these schemes contribute to overall societal progress and economic growth.
Balanced view:
While development and welfare schemes for vulnerable groups are discriminatory by design, this approach is justified and necessary. The discrimination is positive, aimed at leveling the playing field and ensuring that all members of society have access to opportunities and resources.
However, implementation of these schemes should be carefully monitored to prevent misuse and ensure they reach the intended beneficiaries. Regular review and updating of beneficiary criteria can help maintain their relevance and effectiveness.
Conclusion:
Development and welfare schemes for vulnerable groups, though discriminatory in approach, are crucial instruments for achieving social justice and inclusive growth. Their apparent discrimination is a means to an end – creating a more equitable society where all individuals have the opportunity to reach their full potential, regardless of their background or circumstances.