Q. Discuss the major challenges related to women’s reproductive health in India. What measures would you suggest to overcome these challenges?
UPSC Sociology 2024 Paper 2
Model Answer:
Women’s Reproductive Health Challenges in India
Women’s reproductive health is crucial for India’s development, yet numerous challenges hinder access to adequate healthcare, affecting women’s well-being and societal progress.
Limited Access to Reproductive Health Services:
• Inadequate infrastructure and shortage of healthcare professionals, especially in rural areas
• High maternal mortality rates (12% of global maternal deaths in 2017, WHO)
Cultural and Social Barriers:
• Patriarchal norms limiting women’s bodily autonomy (Sylvia Walby’s concept)
• Restricted decision-making on contraception and family planning
Gender Inequality:
• Lower educational attainment among women
• Limited awareness of reproductive rights and health practices
• Only 42% of women have comprehensive HIV/AIDS prevention knowledge (NFHS-5)
Early Marriage and Teenage Pregnancies:
• Prevalent in rural and underprivileged communities
• India accounts for one-third of global child marriages (UNICEF)
• Increased health risks for young mothers
Limited Contraception Access:
• Leads to unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions
• Lack of affordable options and misinformation
• Ann Oakley’s feminist theory highlights systemic neglect of women’s health needs
Addressing Challenges:
1. Improve healthcare infrastructure
2. Implement education and awareness programs
3. Empower women through education and economic opportunities
4. Enforce laws against child marriage
5. Promote gender equality
6. Expand government initiatives like Janani Suraksha Yojana
7. Collaborate with NGOs and community leaders
These interconnected issues require a multifaceted approach. Improving healthcare, education, and challenging societal norms can significantly enhance women’s reproductive health and overall well-being.
Conclusion:
Addressing reproductive health challenges demands holistic efforts. Progress in this area will empower women and foster India’s socio-economic development.
